Michuzi Blog
Tanzanian blog operating since 2005, covering International news and Local News, including Politics, Fashion, Social Scenes, Interviews, Movies, Events, personalities and anything positive happening worldwide. Written in Swahili and English targeting both Swahili and English readers.
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Michuzi husiniambie hii ilikuwa mwaka 1970, maana haiwezekani Nyerere alishakuwa na mvi kiasi hicho mwaka ule!
ReplyDeleteHii itawakumbusha hawa wabaguzi wa miaka hii, huyo alikua waziri tena kachaguliwa na Nyerere.
ReplyDeleteHaya niambieni nani zaidi, waziri au miss Tanzania?
Acheni kutokutumia akili, hasa wewe wa 10:01:00PM.hUYU PAMOJA NA KUWA ALIKUWA WAZIRI, HAKUWA MTANZANIA.Suala la kuwa alichaguliwa na Nyerere ni irrellevant!!Wewe unamfahamu Generali Ulimwengu?Alichaguliwa na huyohuyo Nyerere kushika nyadhifa alizozishika, na sasa unaambiwa sio Raia.
ReplyDeleteNyerere alikuwa binadamu, na alikosea kama wengine wengi wanavyokosea.AMIR JAMAL, alikuwa MKANADA, na alifia na kuzikwa kwao CANADA.Na bado wapo wengi tu Serikalini si watanzania, but kwa kuwa hawana makelele, na ni watu wa NDIO!!wanaendelea na wataeendelea kupeta.Generali Ulimwengu angeendelea kuwa mtanzania kama asingekuwa ana ile RAI YA GENERALI ULIMWENGU.
kwanini alizikwa canada?
ReplyDeleteNa Prof. Shivji je? Mi wabaguzi huwa siwapendi kabisa. Wananichefua akili yangu. Adhabu ya mbaguzi katika msingi wowote ule ni kufungwa jiwe shingoni na kutupwa baharini.
ReplyDeleteNi dhana walianza kuileta wakoloni, dunia nzima ikaipigia kelele ikaisha kwa jinsi ilivyo. Leo hii ulaya mzungu akitaka apate kashfa mbaya basi aitwe racish, ni balaa, na wao hawataki kuisika kabisa. Sasa hata kama binadamu anajaribu kumbagua mwenzie kwa hisia zake moyoni ili mradi hunyimwi haki yako, sisi hatuna haja ya kufuatilia huo ubaguzi. Nikifikiria mtu kama Shivji mpigania wanyonge wa nchi hii aanze kuona haya mambo vijana wa siku hizi wanataka kuibua tutakuwa tunamkatisha tamaa. Tanzania vi vigumu sana kumpata mtu kama baba wa Taifa letu, we fikiria tangia miaka ya sitini yeye hajawahi kufikiria mambo hayo, lakini sisi leo zaidi ya mwaka 2000 tunadhubutu kuzungumzia. Yule mzee kweli alikuwa mcha Mungu. wache tu apate utakatifu.
katika wahindi prof issa shivji peke yake ndo mtanzania halisi ndo maana huyu jamaa anahoji sana haya mambo ya privatization.
ReplyDeleteKuna mtu hapo juu kasifu Nyerere kupewa utakatifu. Ingawa hili si mjadala hapa nina pointi mbili: Kwanza hakuna mwanadamu au kikao cha wanadamu wowote kinachoweza kuidhinisha utakatifu kwa mtu yeyote, hiyo ni kazi ya Mola na wanaojitia ujuaji watajibu siku ya hukumu, ni uhuni tu kumuita mwanadamu mwenzi mtakatifu. Pili, hata kama tunataka kujiaminisha kwamba Nyerere alikuwa safi kiasi cha kufaa kwenye maana yoyote ya utakatifu, tunakosea au ni ujinga tu; Nyerere alifanya madhambi mengi tu, mfano alinyonga watu wengi zaidi ya Rais yeyote wa Tanzania (takwimu zipo Wizara ya Sheria na Katiba), na aliweka watu wengi kizuizini kwa sababu za kutofautiana kisiasa tu, kama Balozi Kasanga Tumbo, James Mapalala, Binagi yuko Marekani huko, orodha haiishi. Mpango wa Ujamaa Vijijini wa miaka ya 1970 ulitia watu umaskini ambao haukuwa utakatifu wowote, ngoja ninyamaze tu. Acheni kusema tu, hakikisheni mnajua mnachosema. Mimi nimewahi kumtetea Nyerere sana katika mambo fulani fulani kila nilipopata mwanya na ninamkubali kwa mengi tu, lakini ujinga siruhusu.
ReplyDeleteAsanteni.
WABAGUZI WA RANGI HAWANA AKILI LETENI HOJA NYINGINE
ReplyDeletePROFILE TANZANIA
OFFICIAL NAME:
United Republic of Tanzania
Geography
Area: Mainland--945,000 sq. km. (378,000 sq. mi.); slightly smaller than New Mexico and Texas combined. Zanzibar--1,658 sq. km. (640 sq. mi.).
Cities: Capital--Dodoma (legislative), Dar es Salaam (executive). Major metropolises--Arusha, Mwanza, Dodoma, Mbeya, Mtwara, Stonetown, Zanzibar.
Terrain: Varied.
Climate: Varies from tropical to arid to temperate.
People
Nationality: Noun and adjective--Tanzanian(s); Zanzibari(s).
Population: Mainland--34.57 million. Zanzibar--1 million (est.).
Religions: Muslim 45%, Christian 45%, indigenous beliefs 10%.
Language: Kiswahili (official), English.
Education: Attendance--74% (primary). Literacy--67%.
Health: Infant mortality rate--98/1,000. Life expectancy--50 years.
Work force: Agriculture--80%; industry, commerce, government--20%.
Government
Type: Republic.
Independence: Tanganyika 1961, Zanzibar 1963. Union formed 1964.
Constitution: 1982.
Branches: Executive--president (chief of state and commander in chief), vice president, and prime minister. Legislative--unicameral National Assembly (for the Union), House of Representatives (for Zanzibar only). Judicial--Mainland: Court of Appeals, High Courts, Resident Magistrate Courts, district courts, and primary courts; Zanzibar: High Court, people's district courts, kadhis court (Islamic courts).
Political parties: 1. Chama cha Mapinduzi (CCM), 2. The Civic United Front (CUF), 3. Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (CHADEMA), 4. Union for Multiparty Democracy (UMD), 5. National Convention for Construction and Reform (NCCR-Mageuzi), 6. National League for Democracy (NLD), 7. National Reconstruction for Alliance (NRA) 8. Tanzania Democratic Alliance Party (TADEA), 9. Tanzania Labour Party (TLP), 10. United Democratic Party (UDP), 11. Demokrasia Makini (MAKINI), 12. United Peoples’ Democratic Party (UPDP), 13. Chama cha Haki na Ustawi (CHAUSTA), 14. The Forum for Restoration of Democracy (FORD), 15. Democratic Party (DP), 16. Progressive Party of Tanzania (PPT-Maendeleo), 17. Jahazi Asilia.
Suffrage: Universal at 18.
Administrative subdivisions: 26 regions (21 on mainland, 3 on Zanzibar, 2 on Pemba).
Economy
GDP (2004): $10 billion.
Average growth rate (2004): 6.7%.
Per capita income (2004): $300.
Natural resources: Hydroelectric potential, coal, iron, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel, diamonds, crude oil potential, forest products, wildlife, fisheries.
Agriculture (2004): 46.4% of GDP. Products--coffee, cotton, tea, tobacco, cloves, sisal, cashew nuts, maize, livestock, sugar cane, paddy, wheat, pyrethrum.
Industry/manufacturing (2004): 8.8% of GDP. Types--textiles, agro-processing, light manufacturing, construction, steel, aluminium, paints, cement, cooking oil, beer, mineral water and soft drinks.
Trade (2004): Exports--$1.33 billion (merchandise exports, 2004): coffee, cotton, tea, sisal, cashew nuts, tobacco, cut flowers, seaweed, cloves, fish and fish products, minerals (diamonds, gold, and gemstones), manufactured goods, horticultural products; services (tourism services, communication, construction, insurance, financial, computer, information, government, royalties, personal and other businesses). Major markets--U.K., Germany, India, Japan, Italy, China and the Far East. Primary imports--petroleum, consumer goods, machinery and transport equipment, used clothing, chemicals, pharmaceuticals. Major suppliers--U.K., Germany, Japan, India, Italy, U.S., United Arab Emirates, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Africa, Kenya.
PEOPLE
Population distribution in Tanzania is extremely uneven. Density varies from 1 person per square kilometer (3 per sq. mi.) in arid regions to 51 per square kilometer (133 per sq. mi.) in the mainland's well-watered highlands to 134 per square kilometer (347 per sq. mi.) on Zanzibar. More than 80% of the population is rural. Dar es Salaam is the capital and largest city; Dodoma, located in the center of Tanzania, has been designated the new capital and the Parliament sits there, although action to move the capital has stalled.
The African population consists of more than 120 ethnic groups, of which the Sukuma, Haya, Nyakyusa, Nyamwezi, and Chaga have more than 1 million members. The majority of Tanzanians, including such large tribes as the Sukuma and the Nyamwezi, are of Bantu stock. Groups of Nilotic or related origin include the nomadic Masai and the Luo, both of which are found in greater numbers in neighboring Kenya. Two small groups speak languages of the Khoisan family peculiar to the Bushman and Hottentot peoples. Cushitic-speaking peoples, originally from the Ethiopian highlands, reside in a few areas of Tanzania.
Although much of Zanzibar's African population came from the mainland, one group known as Shirazis traces its origins to the island's early Persian settlers. Non-Africans residing on the mainland and Zanzibar account for 1% of the total population. The Asian community, including Hindus, Sikhs, Shi'a and Sunni Muslims, and Goans, has declined by 50% in the past decade to 50,000 on the mainland and 4,000 on Zanzibar. An estimated 70,000 Arabs and 10,000 Europeans reside in Tanzania.
Each ethnic group has its own language, but the national language is Kiswahili, a Bantu-based tongue with strong Arabic borrowings.
HISTORY
Tanganyika/Tanzania
Northern Tanganyika's famed Olduvai Gorge has provided rich evidence of the area's prehistory, including fossil remains of some of humanity's earliest ancestors. Discoveries suggest that East Africa may have been the site of human origin.
Little is known of the history of Tanganyika's interior during the early centuries of the Christian era. The area is believed to have been inhabited originally by ethnic groups using a click-tongue language similar to that of Southern Africa's Bushmen and Hottentots. Although remnants of these early tribes still exist, most were gradually displaced by Bantu farmers migrating from the west and south and by Nilotes and related northern peoples. Some of these groups had well-organized societies and controlled extensive areas by the time the Arab slavers, European explorers, and missionaries penetrated the interior in the first half of the 19th century.
The coastal area first felt the impact of foreign influence as early as the 8th century, when Arab traders arrived. By the 12th century, traders and immigrants came from as far away as Persia (now Iran) and India. They built a series of highly developed city and trading states along the coast, the principal one being Kibaha, a settlement of Persian origin that held ascendancy until the Portuguese destroyed it in the early 1500s.
The Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama explored the East African coast in 1498 on his voyage to India. By 1506, the Portuguese claimed control over the entire coast. This control was nominal, however, because the Portuguese did not colonize the area or explore the interior. Assisted by Omani Arabs, the indigenous coastal dwellers succeeded in driving the Portuguese from the area north of the Ruvuma River by the early 18th century. Claiming the coastal strip, Omani Sultan Seyyid Said (l804-56) moved his capital to Zanzibar in 1841.
European exploration of the interior began in the mid-19th century. Two German missionaries reached Mt. Kilimanjaro in the 1840s. British explorers Richard Burton and John Speke crossed the interior to Lake Tanganyika in 1857. David Livingstone, the Scottish missionary-explorer who crusaded against the slave trade, established his last mission at Ujiji, where he was "found" by Henry Morton Stanley, an American journalist-explorer, who had been commissioned by the New York Herald to locate him.
German colonial interests were first advanced in 1884. Karl Peters, who formed the Society for German Colonization, concluded a series of treaties by which tribal chiefs in the interior accepted German "protection." Prince Otto von Bismarck's government backed Peters in the subsequent establishment of the German East Africa Company.
In 1886 and 1890, Anglo-German agreements were negotiated that delineated the British and German spheres of influence in the interior of East Africa and along the coastal strip previously claimed by the Omani sultan of Zanzibar. In 1891, the German Government took over direct administration of the territory from the German East Africa Company and appointed a governor with headquarters at Dar es Salaam.
Although the German colonial administration brought cash crops, railroads, and roads to Tanganyika, European rule provoked African's resistance, culminating in the Maji Maji rebellion of 1905-07. The rebellion, which temporarily united a number of southern tribes and ended only after an estimated 120,000 Africans had died from fighting or starvation, is considered by most Tanzanians to have been one of the first stirrings of nationalism.
German colonial domination of Tanganyika ended after World War I when control of most of the territory passed to the United Kingdom under a League of Nations mandate. After World War II, Tanganyika became a UN trust territory under British control. Subsequent years witnessed Tanganyika moving gradually toward self-government and independence.
In 1954, Julius K. Nyerere, a school teacher who was then one of only two Tanganyikans educated abroad at the university level, organized a political party--the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). TANU-supported candidates were victorious in the Legislative Council elections of September 1958 and February 1959. In December 1959, the United Kingdom agreed to the establishment of internal self-government following general elections to be held in August 1960. Nyerere was named chief minister of the subsequent government.
In May l961, Tanganyika became autonomous, and Nyerere became Prime Minister under a new constitution. Full independence was achieved on December 9, 1961. Mr. Nyerere was elected President when Tanganyika became a republic within the Commonwealth a year after independence.
Zanzibar
An early Arab/Persian trading center, Zanzibar fell under Portuguese domination in the 16th and early 17th centuries but was retaken by Omani Arabs in the early 18th century. The height of Arab rule came during the reign of Sultan Seyyid Said, who encouraged the development of clove plantations, using the island's slave labor.
The Arabs established their own garrisons at Zanzibar, Pemba, and Kilwa and carried on a lucrative trade in slaves and ivory. By 1840, Said had transferred his capital from Muscat to Zanzibar and established a ruling Arab elite. The island's commerce fell increasingly into the hands of traders from the Indian subcontinent, whom Said encouraged to settle on the island.
Zanzibar's spices attracted ships from as far away as the U.S. A U.S. consulate was established on the island in 1837. The United Kingdom's early interest in Zanzibar was motivated by both commerce and the determination to end the slave trade. In 1822, the British signed the first of a series of treaties with Sultan Said to curb this trade, but not until 1876 was the sale of slaves finally prohibited.
The Anglo-German agreement of 1890 made Zanzibar and Pemba a British protectorate. British rule through a Sultan remained largely unchanged from the late 19th century until after World War II.
Zanzibar's political development began in earnest after 1956, when provision was first made for the election of six nongovernmental members to the Legislative Council. Two parties were formed: the Zanzibar Nationalist Party (ZNP), representing the dominant Arab and "Arabized" minority, and the Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP), led by Abeid Karume and representing the Shirazis and the African majority.
The first elections were held in July 1957. The ASP won three of the six elected seats, with the remainder going to independents. Following the election, the ASP split; some of its Shirazi supporters left to form the Zanzibar and Pemba People's Party (ZPPP). The January 1961 election resulted in a deadlock between the ASP and a ZNP-ZPPP coalition.
On April 26, 1964, Tanganyika united with Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, this was renamed the United Republic of Tanzania on October 29, 1964.
United Republic of Tanzania
Zanzibar received its independence from the United Kingdom on December 19, 1963, as a constitutional monarchy under the sultan. On January 12, 1964, the African majority revolted against the sultan and a new government was formed with the ASP leader, Abeid Karume, as President of Zanzibar and Chairman of the Revolutionary Council. Under the terms of its political union with Tanganyika in April 1964, the Zanzibar Government retained considerable local autonomy.
To form a sole ruling party in both parts of the union Nyerere merged TANU with the Zanzibar ruling party, the Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP) of Zanzibar to form the CCM (Chama cha Mapinduzi-CCM Revolutionary Party), on February 5, 1977. The CCM was to be the sole instrument for mobilizing and controlling the population in all significant political or economic activities. He envisioned the party as a "two-way street" for the flow of ideas and policy directives between the village level and the government. On April 26, 1977, the union of the two parties was ratified in a new constitution. The merger was reinforced by principles enunciated in the 1982 union constitution and reaffirmed in the constitution of 1984.
President Nyerere stepped down from office and was succeeded as President by Ali Hassan Mwinyi in 1985. Nyerere retained his position as Chairman of the ruling party for 5 more years and was influential in Tanzanian politics until his death in October 1999. The current President, Jakaya Kikwete, was elected in December 2005. Zanzibar President Amani Abeid Karume, the son of Zanzibar’s first president, was elected in 2000, in general elections that were marked by widespread irregularities throughout the Isles. His predecessor, Salmin Amour, was first elected in single-party elections in 1990, then re-elected in 1995 in Zanzibar’s first multi-party elections. These elections also were tainted by widespread irregularities on Zanzibar.
GOVERNMENT
Tanzania's president and National Assembly members are elected concurrently by direct popular vote for 5-year terms. The president appoints a prime minister who serves as the government's leader in the National Assembly. The president selects his cabinet from among National Assembly members. The Constitution also empowers him to nominate 10 non-elected members of Parliament, who also are eligible to become cabinet members. Elections for president and all National Assembly seats were held in December 2005.
The unicameral National Assembly has up to 325 members: the Attorney General, the Speaker, five members elected from the Zanzibar House of Representatives to participate in the Parliament, 75 special women's seats apportioned among the political parties based on their election results, 233 constituent seats from the mainland, and up to 10 members nominated by the president. In 2006, the president nominated seven members and the Speaker was elected to a constituent seat, bringing the total number of Members of Parliament to 320. The ruling party, CCM, holds about 82% of the seats in the Assembly. Laws passed by the National Assembly are valid for Zanzibar only in specifically designated union matters.
Zanzibar's House of Representatives has jurisdiction over all non-union matters. There are currently 81 members in the House of Representatives in Zanzibar: 50 elected by the people, 10 appointed by the president of Zanzibar, 5 ex officio members, an attorney general appointed by the president, and 15 special seats allocated to women. Ostensibly, Zanzibar's House of Representatives can make laws for Zanzibar without the approval of the union government as long as it does not involve union-designated matters. The terms of office for Zanzibar's president and House of Representatives also are 5 years. The semiautonomous relationship between Zanzibar and the union is a relatively unique system of government.
Tanzania has a five-level judiciary combining the jurisdictions of tribal, Islamic, and British common law. Appeal is from the primary courts through the district courts, resident magistrate courts, to the high courts, and the high courts to the Court of Appeals. District and resident court magistrates are appointed by the Chief Justice, except for judges of the High Court and Court of Appeals, who are appointed by the president. The Zanzibari court system parallels the legal system of the union, and all cases tried in Zanzibari courts, except for those involving constitutional issues and Islamic law, can be appealed to the Court of Appeals of the union. A commercial court was established on the mainland in September 1999 as a division of the High Court.
For administrative purposes, Tanzania is divided into 26 regions--21 on the mainland, 3 on Zanzibar, and 2 on Pemba. Ninety-nine district councils have been created to further increase local authority. These districts are also now referred to as local government authorities. Currently there are 114 councils operating in 99 districts, 22 are urban and 92 are rural. The 22 urban units are classified further as city (Dar es Salaam and Mwanza), municipal (Arusha, Dodoma, Iringa, Kilimanjaro, Mbeya, Morogoro, Shinyanga, Tabora, and Tanga), and town councils (the remaining 11 communities).
Principal Government Officials
President--Jakaya Kikwete
Vice President--Dr. Ali Mohamed Shein
Prime Minister--Edward Lowassa
President of Zanzibar--Amani Abeid Karume
Minister of Foreign Affairs--Bernard Membe
Ambassador to the United States--none appointed as of February 1, 2007
Tanzania maintains an embassy in the United States at 2139 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 (tel. 202-939-6125.)
POLITICAL CONDITIONS
jenerali ulimwengu na RAI lake tukaambiwa mrundi, timo bandora sijui alifanya nini tukaambiwa mnyarwanda, ali nabwa na DIRA lake ZNZ tukaambiwa mngazija wote hawa HELD HIGH POSITIONS in gov. ...na huyo misi nae akiteleza tu tutasikia!...shivji...wanasheria huwa hawasemi sana, labda akenda upande wa pili
ReplyDeletedada restituta (i assume you are a lady) you are NAIVE...kwenye mfumo tulio nao, UKIKAA KIMYA all remains quiet, if you become vocal kidoogo to the extent of embarrasing authorities that is when uta jeneraliwa au wataku alinabwa...kwani ukoloni si uko "ukoloni mamboleo" in the name of 'contracts'?...basi hata huu ubaguzi unaodai HAUPO...UPO in another face...nje na ndani ya TZ...kuhusu ucha mungu wake waulize akina kambona, sarakikya, tumbo na wengine wengi, walionja joto ya jiwe for opinion differences only
ReplyDeleteanon wa 11:21 i salute you!!!...duh!...i love this blog!...
ReplyDeleteANON. WA 11:20, LOOK ALIKE YA COPY AND PASTE SOMETIMES HAIRUHUSIWI...ALSO...data zingine humo sio za kweli...pia, fanya kipima baridi...kuchumbie baniani
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