MICHUZI BLOG: ZANZIBAR

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OTHMAN MASOUD AAPISHWA KUWA MAKAMU WA KWANZA WA RAIS ZANZIBAR

MICHUZI BLOG at Tuesday, September 22, 2026 0

Rais wa Zanzibar na Mwenyekiti wa Baraza la Mapinduzi, Mhe. Dkt. Hussein Ali Mwinyi, leo amemuapisha Mhe. Othman Masoud Othman kuwa Makamu wa Kwanza wa Rais wa Zanzibar, katika hafla iliyofanyika Ikulu Zanzibar.

Akizungumza katika hafla hiyo, Rais Dkt. Mwinyi amesema maridhiano yaliyofikiwa kati ya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) na ACT Wazalendo ni mwanzo wa hatua mpya katika kuimarisha amani, umoja na utulivu Zanzibar, huku nguvu zikielekezwa katika kuharakisha maendeleo na kutatua changamoto zinazowakabili wananchi.

Amesema kuapishwa kwa Othman Masoud ni hatua muhimu katika utekelezaji wa makubaliano yaliyofikiwa kati ya CCM na ACT Wazalendo, kufuatia Tamko la Pamoja lililotiwa saini Julai 9, 2026 katika viwanja vya Ikulu Zanzibar.

Dkt. Mwinyi amesisitiza kuwa maridhiano hayo si mwisho wa safari, bali ni mwanzo wa kazi mpya, akiwataka viongozi na wananchi kuendeleza ushirikiano na kuelekeza nguvu katika kukuza uchumi, kuongeza ajira na fursa kwa vijana, kuwawezesha wanawake, kuimarisha sekta ya utalii, kuendeleza Uchumi wa Buluu na kuvutia uwekezaji.

Kwa upande wake, Makamu wa Kwanza wa Rais wa Zanzibar, Mhe. Othman Masoud Othman, amemshukuru Rais Dkt. Mwinyi kwa kumwamini na kumpa dhamana hiyo, akiahidi kutekeleza majukumu yake kwa uaminifu, weledi na kwa kuzingatia maslahi ya Zanzibar na wananchi wake.

Uteuzi na kuapishwa kwa Othman Masoud ni sehemu ya utekelezaji wa maridhiano ya kisiasa yaliyofikiwa kati ya CCM na ACT Wazalendo, yenye lengo la kuimarisha umoja, mshikamano na maendeleo ya Zanzibar.

ZANZIBAR

TAARIFA YA UTEUZI WA MAKAMU WA KWANZA WA RAIS WA ZANZIBAR

MICHUZI BLOG at Friday, September 18, 2026 0

ZANZIBAR

RAIS DKT. MWINYI: SMZ ITAENDELEA KUSHIRIKIANA NA BENKI YA DUNIA

MICHUZI BLOG at Wednesday, August 19, 2026 0

Rais wa Zanzibar na Mwenyekiti wa Baraza la Mapinduzi, Mhe. Dkt. Hussein Ali Mwinyi, amesema Serikali itaendelea kushirikiana na Benki ya Dunia katika kuimarisha sekta za elimu, afya, nishati na miundombinu, huku akisisitiza kuongeza kasi ya utekelezaji wa miradi ya maendeleo ili wananchi wanufaike kwa wakati.

Rais Dkt. Mwinyi ameyasema hayo leo, tarehe 19 Agosti 2026, alipokutana na Makamu wa Rais wa Benki ya Dunia kwa Afrika Mashariki na Kusini, Dkt. Ndiamé Diop, aliyeambatana na Mkurugenzi wa Divisheni ya Benki hiyo anayesimamia Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia na Zimbabwe, Bw. Firas Raad, katika mazungumzo yaliyofanyika Ikulu Zanzibar. Miongoni mwa waliohudhuria mazungumzo hayo ni Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Elimu na Mafunzo ya Amali Zanzibar, Ndg. Khamis Abdulla Said, pamoja na viongozi na watendaji wengine wa Serikali na Benki ya Dunia.

Amesema Serikali itaendelea kuimarisha uwekezaji katika sekta za kipaumbele, kutoa fursa kwa Sekta Binafsi na kuimarisha mafunzo ya amali ili vijana wapate ujuzi unaoendana na mahitaji ya soko la ajira.

Kwa upande wake, Dkt. Ndiamé Diop amesema Benki ya Dunia imeridhishwa na kasi ya maendeleo Zanzibar na itaendelea kushirikiana na Serikali katika maeneo yenye vipaumbele vya pamoja.

ELIMU HABARI HABARI JAMII JAMII MAKALA SIASA UCHUMI ZANZIBAR

TANZANIA’S 2026/27 BUDGET AND THE MAKING OF A NEW ECONOMY.

MICHUZI BLOG at Tuesday, August 18, 2026 0

Tanzania’s 2026/27 Budget is more than the Government’s annual plan for collecting and spending public money. It sets out how national resources will be allocated across development, public services, infrastructure and the economy as a whole, with decisions that reach into almost every part of the country. At TZS 62.33 trillion, it represents the scale of Tanzania’s plans for the year ahead and provides a clear picture of the priorities, opportunities and economic direction that will set the course for the next stage of the country’s development.

1. Introduction.

On 23 June 2026, Tanzania’s Parliament did more than approve another national budget. With 385 of 393 votes, it gave legal and financial force to a TZS 62.33 trillion plan that had been presented in Dodoma just 12 days earlier. Following seven working days of parliamentary debate, the 2026/27 budget was approved and came into effect on 1 July. The numbers were large, the vote decisive and implementation began. Yet the significance of that moment reaches well beyond the parliamentary chamber.

Tanzania now enters a different chapter in its development story, with the 2026/27 budget providing the annual financial framework for that journey. It is the first budget under Tanzania Development Vision 2050, the first to operate within the Fourth National Five-Year Development Plan (FYDP IV), covering 2026/27–2030/31, and the first full-year budget following the 2025 general election. These three developments place the budget at an unusual intersection because a new long-term national vision, a new five-year development cycle and a fresh political mandate are now meeting the practical realities of governing and developing the country.

Taken together, they raise a question that is more important than the size of the budget itself. What does Tanzania choose to do when its long-term ambitions must be translated into actual allocations, projects, policies and priorities? Vision 2050 sets an expansive destination, a prosperous, fair, inclusive and self-reliant upper-middle-income Tanzania, with the long-term ambition of building an economy worth 1 trillion US dollars by 2050. But destinations do not transform economies. Decisions do. A national budget is where those decisions begin to acquire a price, a timetable and a measure of accountability.

The real story of the budget, therefore, lies in how that ambition is translated into action. What follows is consequently not simply an examination of how much Tanzania plans to collect and spend, but a closer look at what the country’s choices reveal about the economy it wants to build, the opportunities it is positioning itself to capture and the direction in which the nation is now moving. The TZS 62.33 trillion figure is where the story begins, not where it ends.

2. What the 2026/27 Budget Is About.

The 2026/27 budget is designed to move Tanzania further towards a more resilient, competitive and productive economy. Its priorities point towards developing productive sectors, improving the business and investment environment, digital transformation, human capital and completing strategic infrastructure projects. The budget also places particular attention on value addition in agricultural, fisheries, livestock and mineral products, with the aim of increasing production, employment and economic opportunities.

The budget also places greater importance on how public resources are converted into results. Government plans include tighter project management, stronger procurement and internal controls, better integration of public financial management systems and closer alignment between planning, budgeting and project implementation. Funds are to be directed towards high-impact and productive areas, while development projects are expected to be assessed for cost and value before they are included in government plans and budgets. This gives the 2026/27 budget an important practical dimension because its success will depend not only on what Tanzania allocates, but also on how effectively those allocations are turned into completed projects, productive assets and better public services.

The scale of the budget reflects this bigger ambition. The Government plans to collect and spend TZS 62.33 trillion in 2026/27, an increase of 10.3 percent over the 2025/26 budget. Estimated revenue stands at TZS 46.79 trillion, including TZS 36.99 trillion in tax revenue, TZS 9.24 trillion in other revenue and TZS 563.1 billion in grants from development partners. About 74.2 percent of the budget is expected to be financed through domestic revenue. The Government explicitly links this greater reliance on domestic resources to its aspiration for self-reliance, while the decline in development-partner grants makes clear the need to grow the domestic revenue base.

The real story of the budget, therefore, lies in how that ambition is translated into action. This is reflected in the Government’s continuing effort to create a more supportive environment for investment and business activity. The budget builds on reforms that have already reduced or abolished 374 fees and levies after a review of 55 laws, while further measures are intended to simplify regulatory procedures and improve access to capital, technology and expertise. It also proposes stronger support for formalisation, small and medium enterprises, vocational skills and employment, while the tax structure is being used to encourage local production and protect selected domestic industries.

2.1. Productive Economy.

The transformation of Tanzania’s productive economy is increasingly becoming a question of connections, connecting producers to markets, businesses to finance, domestic industries to regional value chains and economic activity to the systems that allow it to scale. This is particularly relevant as Tanzania seeks to build its position within the East African Community and take greater advantage of regional markets. The 2026/27 budget supports this direction through measures aimed at developing manufacturing and regional value chains, while the planned Logistics and Export Facilitation Centre is intended to help entrepreneurs and investors overcome some of the practical barriers between production and international markets.

That connection is also taking an increasingly digital form. Tanzania’s move towards a cash-lite economy is creating another layer of economic infrastructure through which transactions can take place more efficiently and transparently. The Tanzania Instant Payment System processed 651 million transactions worth TZS 54.95 trillion in 2025, compared with 453 million transactions worth TZS 29.82 trillion in 2024. The Government is seeking to extend digital payments further across sectors including transport, tourism, education, real estate and agriculture. As this ecosystem grows, digital payments can do more than replace cash. They can make transactions easier to document, improve the ability of businesses to participate in formal financial systems and create a more connected environment for business.

The real value lies in what happens when these systems begin to work together. A producer who can access finance, make and receive digital payments, access the inputs they need, move goods efficiently and reach a regional market has a very different economic opportunity from one operating within a fragmented chain. This is why the budget’s measures on trade, logistics, finance and digital transactions matter beyond their individual policy descriptions. They address some of the links between production and markets that determine whether economic activity can move from small-scale enterprise to larger commercial opportunities. The objective is not simply to increase the volume of economic activity, but to make the pathways through which that activity grows more efficient.

This gives Tanzania’s productive transformation a distinctly outward-looking dimension. Domestic production can become more valuable when it is connected to regional demand, international markets and increasingly sophisticated financial and logistical systems. For businesses, this can increase the markets available to them. For investors, it can make Tanzania a more attractive location for production. For the national economy, it can increase the potential for more value to be generated through formal, connected and scalable economic activity. The 2026/27 budget therefore begins to address not only what Tanzania produces, but how efficiently what it produces can move through the economy and into larger markets.

3. The Budget Architecture.

A national budget is an exercise in choices. The same shilling cannot meet every obligation at once, and the structure of expenditure reveals how the Government has chosen to balance the responsibilities of today with the capacity required for tomorrow. Within the TZS 62.33 trillion 2026/27 budget, expenditure and investment in non-financial assets are projected at TZS 54.50 trillion, excluding repayment of Government debt principal. Of this amount, TZS 10.13 trillion is allocated to employees’ entitlements, including pension contributions, TZS 5.22 trillion to goods and services, TZS 6.86 trillion to interest payments, TZS 25.32 trillion to subsidies, TZS 1.01 trillion to pension benefits and social assistance, TZS 2.33 trillion to investment in non-financial assets, and TZS 3.63 trillion to other expenditure.

These figures reveal an important feature of the budget that can be missed by looking only at the traditional distinction between recurrent and development expenditure. A substantial share of public resources is committed to obligations that keep the machinery of government and the public system as a whole functioning, while another portion is directed towards investment in non-financial assets that can create benefits over many years. Subsidies, employee obligations, interest payments and social support therefore sit alongside investment within the same fiscal structure. The architecture of the budget is consequently a balancing exercise between meeting the state’s existing responsibilities and creating the conditions for additional public capacity.

3.1. Budget Discipline.

The quality of the budget’s expenditure structure depends not only on the amounts allocated, but on the discipline applied before and after the money is committed. The Government is refining the assessment of development projects before their inclusion in plans and budgets, managing contracts more effectively and tightening controls over public commitments. New contracts are also subject to the requirement for the necessary parliamentary budget approval. At the institutional level, greater attention is being given to the management of public assets and the financial performance of State-Owned Enterprises, including measures intended to encourage greater financial independence and, where appropriate, the listing of profitable public corporations on the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange. These measures shift the approach from simply approving expenditure to improving the quality of the public balance sheet itself.

There is also a clear fiscal boundary within which these choices must operate. The Government has set the overall budget deficit at no more than 3.0 percent of GDP, establishing a defined limit for the difference between what the Government plans to spend and what it can generate through its fiscal resources. This matters because development ambitions are strongest when they are supported by a fiscal structure that can be sustained beyond a single financial year. The architecture of the 2026/27 budget therefore rests on three connected principles, namely meeting necessary public obligations, preserving room for productive investment and maintaining the expenditure controls required to keep the overall fiscal position within a credible boundary.

Seen this way, the budget’s architecture is not simply an accounting arrangement. It is the mechanism through which competing national priorities are converted into actual financial commitments. Its strength will depend on whether resources reach the purposes for which they were allocated, whether public institutions manage those resources effectively and whether investment produces assets and services capable of supporting Tanzania’s economic and social progress over time. The headline figure tells us the size of the budget, while its internal structure tells us how the Government intends that money to work.

4. Building the Revenue Base.

The financial strength of Tanzania’s 2026/27 budget begins with the Government’s ability to turn economic activity into a reliable stream of public revenue. The experience of 2025/26 provides an encouraging starting point. Between July 2025 and April 2026, revenue including grants reached TZS 34.75 trillion, equivalent to 101.8 percent of the period target, while tax revenue reached TZS 28.10 trillion, or 105.1 percent of target. The results are associated with a larger tax base, rising economic activity, more effective revenue collection systems, taxpayer education and greater voluntary compliance.

For 2026/27, the Government is targeting domestic revenue equivalent to 17.1 percent of GDP, up from a projected 16.5 percent in 2025/26, while tax revenue is expected to rise from 13.2 percent to 13.7 percent of GDP. The Government is also targeting real GDP growth of 6.3 percent in 2026 while maintaining inflation within the 3 to 5 percent medium-term range. Achieving the revenue targets will therefore require revenue growth to keep pace with overall economic activity, while maintaining an economic environment that supports production, investment and consumption.

The next part of that transformation is the way revenue is collected. The Finance Act 2026 amended legislation across areas including banking, electronic transactions, excise, exports, income, investment and special economic zones, land and local-government taxation. Rather than viewing these measures individually, they can be understood as part of a coordinated effort to bring the revenue system in step with a changing economy. The Government is also increasing taxpayer access through TRA service centres and mobile tax centres, while upgrading ICT systems and administrative measures to improve revenue collection. The measures are intended to make compliance more accessible, provide clearer identification of economic activity and create a closer connection between taxpayers and the revenue system.

The same approach extends to how government systems work together. As economic activity becomes increasingly digital and interconnected, closer integration between public systems can support the flow of information, more coordinated administration and a clearer understanding of economic activity across the country. This can help create a revenue system that responds more effectively to changes in the economy while reducing gaps between different areas of administration. The objective is therefore not simply to collect more, but to have a revenue administration that works with efficiency and consistency while supporting a more organised and predictable business environment.

4.1. Investment, Debt and Growth.

Borrowing provides the additional fiscal space required when domestic revenue alone cannot meet the full cost of development and public obligations. By April 2026, the Government had borrowed TZS 11.29 trillion from domestic and external markets. Domestic borrowing amounted to TZS 5.08 trillion, including TZS 2.53 trillion used to finance development projects and TZS 2.55 trillion for refinancing maturing obligations. External borrowing amounted to TZS 6.20 trillion, comprising TZS 4.61 trillion in concessional loans and TZS 1.59 trillion in non-concessional borrowing. Domestic and external borrowing carry different purposes and terms, with implications for development spending, repayment obligations and the overall cost of debt.

By March 2026, total Government debt stood at TZS 114.34 trillion, consisting of TZS 38.45 trillion in domestic debt and TZS 75.89 trillion in external debt. The November 2025 Debt Sustainability Analysis found the debt sustainable over the medium and long term. The present value of Government debt was 39.6 percent of GDP against a 55 percent threshold, while external debt to GDP stood at 24.4 percent against a 40 percent threshold and external debt to exports at 123.1 percent against a threshold of 180 percent. The figures show that Government debt remains within the established sustainability thresholds, giving the Government room to use borrowing while maintaining macroeconomic stability.

The quality of that borrowing matters as much as the amount borrowed. The Government says it will continue to prioritise concessional financing, increase domestic revenue mobilisation, continue economic reforms and maintain low borrowing costs. Moody’s Investors Service and Fitch Ratings have assessed Tanzania as creditworthy, indicating the country’s capacity to service its debt obligations. Tanzania’s receipt of a Commonwealth Government Debt Management Award further points to the institutional attention being given to managing public liabilities and making sure that borrowed funds are properly used.

External assessment generally confirms the value of maintaining this balance. In its July 2026 review, the IMF described Tanzania as having maintained robust growth and macro-financial stability, with real GDP growth of 5.9 percent in 2025. Its fiscal projections put the overall deficit at 2.9 percent of GDP and gross nominal public debt at 47.4 percent of GDP in 2026/27. The relevance for the 2026/27 budget is that borrowing is being placed within a framework of revenue mobilisation, expenditure management and debt sustainability. The fiscal challenge is therefore not simply to find additional money for development, but to preserve the credibility and room needed for Tanzania to continue investing as its economy grows.

5. Conclusion.

A nation’s future is not built by what it promises, but by what it chooses to build today, and Tanzania’s 2026/27 budget arrives at precisely such a moment. It is a moment when a country that has spent years developing its foundations can begin asking a more ambitious question, what can those foundations now make possible? The answer will not be found in the budget figures alone, but in the confidence they help create, the doors they open and the choices they make possible for a country determined to move forward. In that sense, the budget is not simply the financial plan for another year. It is an opportunity to turn national ambition into productive capacity and create the conditions for a more productive, connected and opportunity-led economy.

Perhaps the most compelling part of Tanzania’s story is that its greatest possibilities are still ahead. A young and increasingly connected population, a strategic position at the heart of East Africa, vast resources, emerging markets and a growing capacity to attract investment give the country an unusual combination of opportunity. The task now is to convert that potential into something tangible and real. Every new enterprise that succeeds, every skilled young person who finds an opportunity, every productive farm that reaches a larger market, every investment that creates value locally and every public project that changes the way people live adds another piece to that larger story. The budget provides the direction, but its true power will be revealed in the chain of possibilities that follows.

This is why the most important question is no longer simply what the 2026/27 budget contains, but what it sets in motion. A successful budget should create momentum that outlives its own financial calendar. It should make the next investment easier, the next business more confident, the next generation more capable and the next development decision more ambitious. If that momentum takes hold, today's allocations become tomorrow's productive capacity, tomorrow's productive capacity becomes greater opportunity, and greater opportunity gives Tanzania an even stronger platform from which to pursue its long-term aspirations. That is where a national budget begins to acquire a meaning far greater than its accounting value. Taken as a whole, the 2026/27 budget presents a clear commitment to turning national resources into greater economic opportunity.

And perhaps that is the most exciting part of where Tanzania stands today. The story is only beginning to reveal what it can become. The 2026/27 budget is an important step in creating an economy that can produce more, create greater value within Tanzania, connect businesses and people to larger markets and turn the country’s resources and human potential into real opportunity. Its success will in time be measured by the confidence it inspires, the opportunities it unlocks and the progress that follows from it year after year. As Nelson Mandela reminded the world, “It always seems impossible until it’s done,” and Tanzania’s development story will in time be written not by the ambitions it declares, but by the progress it makes possible for generations to come through the 2026/27 budget and the actions that follow.

Thank you.

Written by Christopher Makwaia
Tel: +255 789 242 396

— The writer, is a University of West London graduate (formerly Thames Valley University) and an expert in Management, Leadership, International Business, Foreign Affairs, Global Marketing, Diplomacy, International Relations, Conflict Resolution, Negotiations, Security, Arms Control, Political Scientist, and a self-taught Computer Programmer and Web Developer.

HABARI ZANZIBAR

RAIS DKT. MWINYI KUTANGAZA BARAZA JIPYA LA MAWAZIRI KESHO NOVEMBA 13, 2025

MICHUZI BLOG at Wednesday, November 12, 2025 0

ELIMU HABARI JAMII MAKALA SIASA ZANZIBAR

WITHOUT PEACE, THERE IS NO FUTURE: A CALL TO EVERY CITIZEN

MICHUZI BLOG at Wednesday, November 12, 2025 0

Peace is the foundation upon which every nation stands. It brings progress, unites people, and protects national interests and the dreams of generations. When we protect peace, we protect our future and our economy, our harmony, and our identity as a nation. This is a call to every citizen to value unity, reject division, and stand together for the Tanzania we believe in. For without peace, there is no future and with peace, everything is possible.

1. Introduction.

Peace and tranquility are not just ideas because they are the living spirit of human progress and the true backbone of every stable nation. At the individual level, peace is the inner calm that allows a person to think clearly, act justly, and relate compassionately with others. Tranquility complements this by sustaining serenity of the mind and balance in behavior, qualities that bring patience, understanding, and respect in daily life. At the national level, these virtues appear as unity, social harmony, and trust among citizens and institutions. Together, peace and tranquility form the moral and emotional base upon which every nation’s strength is formed.

The connection between personal peace and national tranquility is deep and inseparable. A peaceful citizen becomes an instrument of stability, while a stable society gives birth to peace that stands the test of time. When individuals learn to control anger, forgive differences, and value dialogue over conflict, the chain of influence spreads outward to families, communities, and in the end the entire nation. The peace of a country is not just a matter for leaders or policymakers, it begins with the attitude and actions of every citizen. Each person, regardless of status, tribe, or background, holds the power to maintain peace. When citizens choose understanding over hostility, tolerance over prejudice, and cooperation over division, they actively establish a society where peace is secure and sustained.

Still, peace is not just the absence of war or violence because it is the presence of justice, empathy, and mutual respect that grows when citizens and their government work together toward a common vision of stability. Peace prevails where laws are respected, where citizens recognize their responsibilities in preserving harmony, and where public institutions act fairly and transparently. Through responsible governance, the protection of citizens, and the encouragement of unity, the government provides the structure upon which national tranquility depends. But it is the collective will of the people and their discipline, cooperation, and patriotism that keeps it alive. When citizens and authorities cooperate toward stability, peace becomes not only a national achievement but a living symbol of progress, dignity, and hope for generations to come.

Peace and tranquility are the basis of unity, development, and prosperity. Without them, even the brightest vision for the future turns dim. A nation that loses peace loses direction because its economy falters, its education suffers, and its people live in fear. But a nation that protects peace creates space for innovation, cooperation, and growth. Therefore, every citizen and stakeholder, including government, civil society, religious institutions, and the private sector, must rise as guardians of peace. It is not a gift to be received, but a responsibility to be maintained, for without peace, there is no future.

2. Protecting What Unites Us.

The United Republic of Tanzania was born from a powerful act of unity, the unification of Tanganyika and Zanzibar on April 26, 1964. This monumental decision built the basis for a nation that thrives on harmony, mutual respect, and common identity. From its earliest days, Tanzania has been known for its peace and stability in a region often tested by division. Our unity, covering Mainland Tanzania, Zanzibar, and our surrounding waters, represents more than geography, it reflects a promise to live as one people with one destiny. It is this spirit of togetherness that defines our national character and influences how we present ourselves to the world, as a peaceful, cohesive, and resilient nation.

Throughout the wide lands of our country, from the lively pulse of Dar es Salaam to the calm shores of Zanzibar, the spirit of peace and purpose flows through our daily lives. We are a nation built not only on territory but on common dreams and collective will. Our cultural diversity, far from dividing us, is a beautiful blend that builds our identity. The wisdom of ujamaa, our philosophy of community and working together, remains a constant reminder that progress is only meaningful when it benefits everyone. In every market, every classroom, and every village meeting, this spirit of cooperation continues to sustain our peace and development.

As Bob Marley reminded us, “In this great future, you can’t forget your past.” Our history is proof of resilience and unity in the face of adversity. The struggles that led to our independence and later to the formation of the Union are not distant memories because they are the roots from which our peace has grown. Every generation of Tanzanians has played a part in protecting this harmony through dialogue, understanding, and a belief in coexistence. Today, we are reminded that the survival of our nation depends on our collective will to preserve peace. Let this be an urgent call to every citizen to cherish, protect, and maintain the tranquility that has long defined Tanzania because it is through our continued unity that our nation’s legacy will flourish.

This precious peace is our most valuable inheritance and our greatest responsibility. Without peace, there can be no future, no prosperity, no hope for the generations yet to come. It is a call to every citizen to be a guardian of unity, to reject voices of discord, and to protect the harmony that has distinguished Tanzania for over six decades. Our story, built on unity, upheld by diversity, and led by peace, is one the world admires. But its continuation depends on us. Let us, therefore, stand determined in preserving the tranquility that sustains our nation, for it is through peace that Tanzania’s real promise of progress, dignity, and united destiny will remain forever.

2.1. When Unity Is Tested.

The events of October 29, 2025, remain a somber chapter in our nation’s history. What began as a day of democratic expression quickly turned into chaos in some of our major cities and towns. Violence escalated into clashes, resulting in the destruction of several polling stations, shops, and fuel depots. Streets that once carried the sounds of progress were instead filled with smoke, fear, and confusion. Some lives were lost, many were injured, and valuable property was destroyed, leaving the nation in a state of deep shock and sorrow. These tragic moments reminded us how fragile peace can be when anger replaces dialogue and when misinformation overshadows truth.

The lessons from those painful days are clear. The peace and stability we enjoy today are not accidental because they are the result of discipline, unity, and the vision of our founding fathers. Their legacy of tolerance and national cohesion built the strong foundation upon which Tanzania stands. To allow a few reckless individuals to disrupt this harmony is to betray that legacy and weaken the very pillars that have sustained our nation’s progress. Peace is the condition that allows our nation to grow, prosper, and live in harmony. When we guard it we protect our children’s future and when we lose it we lose everything.

It is therefore necessary that the government, political parties, and civil institutions work together to assess and address the root causes of these disturbances. This collective reflection should not be about blame but about rebuilding trust, improving our institutions and closing the gaps that breed hostility and misinformation. As the government continues to restore calm and guide the nation back to normalcy, we are called to introspect. Let us remember that peace carries a cost of discipline, patience, and forgiveness while violence brings an unbearable debt of loss and regret. Every Tanzanian, regardless of political belief, tribe, or faith, has a duty to maintain this stability through dialogue, unity, and mutual respect.

We must never allow the enemy of peace to divide and rule us. Let every home, every school, and every place of worship become a fountain of peace education. Parents should teach their children the meaning and value of harmony. The government should continue to educate communities and tackle social and economic challenges that threaten stability. Religious institutions must keep preaching peace and praying for our beloved nation. Political parties, politicians, and political activists must not place their personal ambitions or lust for power above the well-being of the nation. And as citizens, we must renew our patriotism. May we all rise, hand in hand, in faith and unity, to protect this precious gift called peace. For without peace, there truly is no future.

3. Enemies Will Fail.

The time has come for every Tanzanian to stand as one and show the world and our enemies, wherever they hide, that we are indivisible. Political parties and citizens together must send a single and unmistakable message that nothing will break the bonds that make us Tanzanians. Let our unity be the answer to those who hoped to see us divided and let our calm, collective resolve demonstrate that their schemes have already failed. With faith, courage, and unity on our side, we will overcome every assault on our peace and keep moving forward together.

We must also be vigilant. Both internal and external actors who seek to destabilise us deserve our full attention and not panic but preparedness. All instruments of our intelligence community and security agencies must coordinate seamlessly to confront those who exploit grievances, misunderstandings, or institutional gaps to cause unrest. This is not a call to fear but to purposeful action to close openings that allow trouble to spread, to uncover untruths, and to protect our communities through lawful, professional means.

Remember the enemy can strike to spread terror and to set us against each other. We must never let political ambitions drag our nation into turmoil. Be mindful that enemies can and do profile leaders and communities by observing actions, testing reactions, and identifying weaknesses for potential exploitation therefore we must act with prudence and unity countering plots with vigilance, truth, and robust institutions rather than revenge or recklessness. Our response must be strategic, measured, and based on the rule of law.

Let it be clear that attempts to destabilise Tanzania whether through engineered regime change, manipulation of local actors, or other covert tactics will not succeed. Any genuine change in our country will come through peaceful, democratic, and constitutional channels. If we lose peace, no party, leader, or faction truly wins. To those plotting against us, leave our people and our land in peace. To every citizen, renew your patriotism, guard our unity and peace, support efforts to heal and rebuild, and stand united so that Tanzania remains resilient, prosperous, and peaceful for generations to come.

4. Peace Powers Growth.

Peace and tranquility are the lifeblood of a nation’s progress. When a country is peaceful, it opens the door to economic growth because investors gain confidence, tourism flourishes, and new jobs emerge. Markets thrive, industries expand, and innovation finds room to breathe. A calm and peaceful society makes it easier for everyone to trade, be creative, and find new opportunities. In Tanzania, our long-standing peace has allowed us to build schools, hospitals, and infrastructure that serve millions. It has attracted partners from across the globe who see in us a stable and trustworthy nation. History has shown us that nations torn by conflict lose decades of development in just days of unrest. Even a single spark of division, a careless word of hate, or a false story can threaten the harmony that took generations to build. That is why every grievance, every misunderstanding, must be resolved early before it grows into conflict.

Peace is the base upon which social harmony is built. It allows people of different tribes, religions, political affiliations, and communities to coexist, work together, and respect one another. It maintains our sense of belonging and reminds us that our diversity is our strength, not our weakness. Without peace, unity collapses, trust erodes, and fear replaces cooperation. But when peace reigns, citizens move freely, businesses operate confidently, and children learn without fear. Our hospitals function efficiently, and our educators can dedicate their efforts to developing minds rather than managing crises. Understanding potential threats to this stability helps us prepare and prevent them before they damage the unity of our nation. We must therefore value and defend peace as the most precious gift we possess.

Maintaining peace is not the work of government alone because it is a national duty we all share. Every citizen, from the youngest to the oldest, carries a moral responsibility to protect it. Families must teach tolerance at home, schools must educate for unity, and communities must practice forgiveness and respect. Political leaders should participate in dialogue rather than confrontation, while media outlets should inform responsibly, not inflame emotions. Religious institutions, too, play a meaningful part in reminding us of compassion, patience, and the sanctity of human life. When all these forces unite, peace becomes stronger than any attempt to break it.

In the end, the destiny of our nation rests in our collective hands. Government, civil society, the private sector, the media, and faith-based organizations must walk together as partners in peace. We must keep dialogue alive, live by our moral values, and instill patriotism in the next generation so they understand that peace is not inherited but earned and maintained daily. When we live in peace, we create an environment where dreams grow, communities prosper, and the nation flourishes. The future belongs to those who choose unity over division, understanding over hatred, and dialogue over violence, for without peace, there truly is no future.

5. Conclusion.

Peace begins with awareness and the understanding that our stability, growth, and future all depend on it. When we guard peace we guard the soul of our nation. A nation that chooses peace chooses progress and people who defend harmony protect their own future. Every citizen must realize that peace is not a passive condition but an active duty we create each day. It is what makes us who we are, the power that binds generations and the promise that allows our dreams to last. Protecting peace is protecting who we are as a nation.

This peace has produced a stability admired far beyond our borders, proof of what is possible when people decide that unity matters more than division. But we must never mistake this hard-won stability for simple luck or a permanent fixture. It is the result of generations of careful choices, choices to value dialogue over conflict, to recognize our diversity as a strength, and to keep a society where respect and cooperation influence our daily actions. Now we have a new choice to make, will we be careful custodians of this legacy or the courageous leaders who protect it. This is how we honor our past and secure our legacy.

True patriotism is not measured in loud words, but in clear deeds that preserve peace. It shows up in the patience we extend to one another during disagreements. It means being vigilant to recognize and reject the divisive narratives and destabilization strategies pushed by those who wish us harm and seek to undermine our national security, peace, and unity. A patriotic citizen is a shield against these manipulations, realizing that every act of unity supports our defense and every choice for dialogue disarms their tactics. Such a mindset requires a collective resilience, where we prioritize our nation's stability above all else, knowing that our greatest power lies in the connections between people that our enemies cannot break. This is what protects our nation's soul and what guarantees our future.

The destiny of our nation depends on the choices we make each day. Let us live in such a way that peace becomes our greatest strength and unity our loudest voice. Let these words reach every home, every heart, and every corner of our nation. Let us rise above fear, silence the voices of hatred, and choose compassion over anger. For indeed, without peace, there is no future, but with peace, Tanzania’s brightness will continue to shine with every generation. Our stability and harmony are not only a gift to ourselves but also a message to the world that Tanzania is a nation of trust, opportunity, and hope.

Thank you.

Written by Christopher Makwaia
Tel: +255 789 242 396

— The writer, is a University of West London graduate (formerly Thames Valley University) and an expert in Management, Leadership, International Business, Foreign Affairs, Global Marketing, Diplomacy, International Relations, Conflict Resolution, Negotiations, Security, Arms Control, Political Scientist, and a self-taught Computer Programmer and Web Developer.

ELIMU HABARI JAMII KIMATAIFA MAKALA ZANZIBAR

TANZANIA'S NEW FOREIGN POLICY: RECASTING NON-ALIGNMENT THROUGH ECONOMIC STATECRAFT.

MICHUZI BLOG at Thursday, October 02, 2025 0

Foreign policy is a nation’s voice to the world, and through the 2024 edition of Tanzania’s Foreign Policy, that voice is transformed into a clear vision for the future. Informed by its Thematic Areas and principles, it provides a structure for prosperity, security, and global cooperation, while presenting Tanzania as a respected actor in today’s shifting international order.

1. Introduction.

On 19th May 2025, Tanzania formally launched its revised foreign policy, Tanzania Foreign Policy 2001 Edition 2024, representing the most thorough diplomatic overhaul since the original policy was introduced in 2001. Far from being a routine update, this edition renews Tanzania’s approach and priorities on the global stage. The gap between previous editions was not incidental but reflected a global period of sweeping digital transformation, the return of geopolitical blocs, intensifying climate disruptions, fractured supply chains, and a shifting balance of power between the Global West, East, and South. Tanzania, once a quiet but consistent actor on the world stage, now steps forward with a new voice that is strategic, self-aware, and prepared to confront the conditions of the 21st century.

The revised policy considers both the unfinished business of the 2001 framework and entirely new global necessities. It draws on the earlier policy’s legacy, which rests on non-alignment, Pan-Africanism, and economic diplomacy, and it explicitly corrects gaps that limited Tanzania’s reach, including underutilization of Kiswahili in international diplomacy, minimal engagement with the Tanzanian diaspora, and the absence of a coherent strategy for emerging sectors such as the blue economy and digital trade. Alongside these, more sensitive issues such as transnational crime, regional political volatility, delayed treaty ratification, and conflicting regional bloc memberships, for example SADC versus EAC, are now acknowledged with context-specific implementation mechanisms.

Foreign policy consists of the strategies, principles, and actions that a state undertakes in its interactions with other states to protect its interests, and Tanzania’s updated policy was crafted with input from a wide network of stakeholders and corresponds with both national and international development frameworks, including Tanzania Development Vision 2025, Zanzibar Development Vision 2050, short term, medium term, and long term development plans, the Chama Cha Mapinduzi 2020 Manifesto, Africa Agenda 2063, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and the Addis Ababa Action Agenda. Taken together, these references show that Tanzania is not only thinking outward but making certain its foreign engagements are consistent with domestic goals and objectives. From the grassroots to the global stage, the policy is structured to serve as both a compass and a toolset that is informed by the past, is responsive to the present, and is prepared for an unpredictable future.

Equipped with these frameworks and tools, Tanzania now faces a volatile world, where the lines between diplomacy, economy, security, and climate policy are more interconnected. Rising geopolitical tensions, technological disruptions, and changing trade patterns demand a foreign policy that is flexible, anticipatory, and proactive. Tanzania must manage competing interests while protecting its sovereignty, maintain regional stability, and benefit from strategic partnerships for long-term growth. Meanwhile, the nation’s rich cultural heritage, human capital, and commitment to Pan-Africanism provide unique advantages in multilateral negotiations. By integrating domestic priorities with international imperatives, the policy enables Tanzania to respond to crises, seize emerging opportunities, and assume a decisive role in global decision-making arenas.

1.1. Legacy, Gaps, and Renewal.

Tanzania’s road to diplomatic engagement began over six decades ago when the nations of Tanganyika and Zanzibar joined together to form a single republic in 1964. This new identity created the need for a unified foreign relations approach based on values that expressed both national aspirations and continental hopes. Non-alignment, Pan-African ideals, respect for sovereignty, equality among nations, and a commitment to human rights became the pillars of Tanzania’s early international outlook. These ideals not only guided bilateral and multilateral relations but also helped Tanzania take a leading role in Africa’s liberation, as it stood shoulder to shoulder with nations still in struggle and lent its voice to the cause of continental unity and freedom.

Over the years, Tanzania’s global role was influenced by important documents and policy milestones. The Presidential Circular No. 2 of 1964, followed by the historic Arusha Declaration of 1967, laid down principles that informed its diplomatic posture for decades. By 2001, in the face of evolving global trends that included reforms throughout Africa, economic liberalization, and growing interconnectedness, a new Foreign Policy was launched. It brought Tanzania into line with international norms while also responding to urgent developments, including the rise of regional economic blocs, a shift from donor-aid relationships to trade-driven partnerships, and other emerging challenges.

Between 2001 and 2021, Tanzania’s 2001 Foreign Policy bore fruit. The country increased its diplomatic reach and formed bonds with countries and regional institutions. It also became an active and reliable player in global affairs, contributing to peacekeeping missions and advocating for multilateral cooperation. These efforts resulted in more foreign direct investment in multiple sectors, higher trade volumes, and contributed to national development through gains in public welfare and economic growth. Yet the policy had blind spots. Emerging sectors, including the blue economy, were not fully tapped. Moreover, important themes such as diaspora inclusion and strategic language diplomacy, particularly the global positioning of Kiswahili, remained insufficient.

On 19 November 2022, President Samia Suluhu Hassan announced plans for an official review of Tanzania’s foreign policy, a review that had become necessary in order not only to protect past gains but also to respond to new situations. Following this review, the Tanzania Foreign Policy 2001 Edition 2024 was officially launched on 19 May 2025, acknowledging both the achievements and the shortcomings of the earlier framework. By updating its approach to economic diplomacy, regional security, and international engagement, the policy shows Tanzania’s intent to remain prepared for the future. It keeps a balance between traditional diplomatic values and the urgent demands of today’s interconnected world.

1.2. Diplomacy in Action.

Tanzania’s international diplomacy is not based on rhetoric but is formed through the peaceful management of relationships and affairs among countries as well as with non-state actors, involving dialogue, negotiation, and compromise to resolve conflicts, create cooperation, and serve national interests through communication, relationships, and partnerships. In its pursuit to be a reliable and proactive player in the global system, Tanzania has followed important international protocols, including the Vienna Conventions of 1961 and 1963, which act as pillars for diplomatic and consular conduct worldwide. These agreements represent more than formality because they are tools through which the country has helped establish norms of international interaction, support stability, and protect the rights and duties of states in both bilateral and multilateral settings.

Translating these commitments into institutional presence, Tanzania hosts a network of 65 foreign missions from other countries, while it maintains its own diplomatic presence abroad through 45 embassies and high commissions and five consulates general, all established with the goal of negotiating and maintaining diplomatic relations, representing and defending the interests of Tanzania and its citizens in the host countries, as well as performing other related functions.

This large footprint shows a deliberate ambition in the revised 2024 Foreign Policy because it aims to increase integration with regional blocs, create development opportunities through global partnerships, and raise the country’s voice in framing international agendas. Each mission acts as a link that connects Tanzania’s domestic aspirations with global currents of trade, security, and diplomacy and supports the country’s role as a reliable and thoughtful contributor on the world stage.

2. Eight Pillars, One Vision.

From the year 2001, Tanzania’s foreign policy stood as an expression of the country's commitment to peaceful diplomacy, unity, and international cooperation. However, as global dynamics shifted, the need for an updated direction became clear. The original policy of 2001 was built on nine pillars which captured the realities of that period and the aspirations of the nation. The 2024 Edition now presents a more refined and responsive foreign policy that is organized around eight pillars.

The first of these eight pillars is the commitment to preserving the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and political independence of the United Republic of Tanzania. This is a main principle that comes from the country’s post-independence legacy, showing the importance of national autonomy in the middle of a wide network of global influences. Hand in hand with this is the second pillar which is the staunch defence of freedom, justice, human rights, equity, equality, and democracy. Tanzania makes apparent that its foreign policy is not only about national interest but also about standing for universal principles that protect human dignity and fair governance, both at home and abroad.

The third and fourth pillars send a consequential regional and continental message that shows good neighbourliness and the growth of African Unity. Tanzania sees that its security and prosperity are closely connected with those of its neighbours. This means developing diplomatic ties, supporting peaceful conflict resolution, and standing for regional solidarity. While spreading its vision throughout the continent, Tanzania also stays true to its Pan-Africanist roots by working for a united Africa that speaks with one voice on global issues. The fifth pillar, in the same way, seeks closer economic cooperation with development partners. With globalization changing the world, Tanzania understands the need for strategic economic alliances, foreign investment, and multilateral trade as sources of growth and national development.

The final three pillars show Tanzania’s wider global stance. The sixth pillar sets out the policy of Non-Alignment and South-South Cooperation, a long-standing legacy of Tanzania’s post-colonial diplomacy that works for solidarity among developing nations outside the confines of major power blocs. The seventh pillar renews Tanzania’s backing for the United Nations in its mission for peace, security, economic development, humanitarian assistance, and other related efforts, recognizing the UN as a main pillar of a rules-based international order. Lastly, the eighth and newest pillar adds a distinct cultural side to the policy, protecting Tanzania’s social and cultural values. It represents a move towards a more rounded diplomacy, where foreign policy is not simply transactional but a reflection of identity, heritage, and the moral compass of the Tanzanian people. Together, these eight pillars form an architecture of engagement that connects Tanzania’s future with the promise of a fairer, united, and cooperative world.

2.1. A Renewed Path.

In a fresh renewal of its global identity, Tanzania's 2024 edition of the Foreign Policy introduces a new era, a chapter that expresses both the aspirations of a modern nation and the soul of its people. The policy sets forth a renewed commitment to economic diplomacy, crafted to lift national development through purposeful international engagements, growing trade, attracting investment, mobilizing international resources, and making use of multilateral platforms to bring economic change. It also steps up the country’s role in keeping peace, security, and political stability both within and beyond its borders, presenting Tanzania as a reliable source of stability in a region often fraught with turbulence.

What also stands out is the Policy’s clear aim of guiding global legal frameworks through the ratification and domestication of international treaties and protocols. These actions show Tanzania’s commitment to respect international norms while protecting national interests. It goes hand in hand with increased and effective participation in bilateral, regional, and international organizations, making sure that the voice of Tanzania is heard more in global discussions. The foreign policy evolution is not only institutional, it is also cultural, with Kiswahili now used as a tool of soft power, bringing communities together, spreading influence, and expressing Tanzania’s unique identity on the world stage.

Moreover, the policy expresses an understanding of national unity and global opportunity by placing the Tanzanian diaspora at the center of development strategies. Their skills, networks, and resources are seen as valuable links between Tanzania and the world. The Policy also takes in the huge promise of the blue economy, tapping into maritime and aquatic resources to support sustainability and economic growth. Based on the 1977 Constitution and reflecting the nation’s values and way of life, the policy confirms Tanzania’s position on human rights and good governance, giving priority to accountability, justice, and the dignity of every citizen.

Looking to the future, the Policy does not shy away from the planet’s most urgent issues. With climate change looming and environmental degradation accelerating, Tanzania pledges active international cooperation in both mitigation and adaptation efforts. This is complemented by the inclusion of gender and youth in diplomacy, making sure that future generations are not only protected but empowered. These themes are not afterthoughts and they are the foundation of a thoughtful, inclusive foreign policy, giving rise to Tanzania’s global story which is a story of progress that follows principle, and a compelling account of a nation that aims to lead with honesty, integrity, and hope.

3. Domestic Implications.

The 2024 Edition of Tanzania’s Foreign Policy is expected to aid Tanzania’s internal development goals by linking its external relations with its national aspirations. This updated policy gives priority to economic diplomacy, attracting foreign direct investment (FDI), and creating partnerships that directly contribute to the nation’s socio-economic progress. It also aims to make use of Tanzania’s geographic position and natural resources to secure beneficial international agreements, helping to speed up infrastructure development, industrialization, and job creation within the country. The policy also looks at regional integration, which is anticipated to create a more stable and prosperous environment for domestic growth.

Beyond these immediate goals, the policy’s relevance has grown clearer with the launch of Tanzania’s National Development Vision 2050. Vision 2050, formally unveiled in Dodoma on 17 July 2025 by President Samia Suluhu Hassan, sets out the goal of transforming Tanzania into an upper-middle-income country by 2050, with a trillion-dollar economy and an average GDP per person of around US$7,000. The 2024 Edition of Tanzania’s Foreign Policy provides an external framework that can help move the country toward these long-term aspirations. By engaging in global affairs and protecting national interests, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and other implementing bodies will have responsibility for securing resources, technology transfers, and market access needed for the realization of Vision 2050. This also involves working closely with international partners in education, healthcare, and environmental sustainability, which remain necessary to the development course set out in the vision.

The institutional readiness of Tanzania's diplomatic structures and missions to deliver on the new foreign policy is something that matters greatly. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation is expected to make institutional adjustments and capacity building to effectively implement the policy's directives. This includes further developing the skills of diplomatic personnel in economic diplomacy, international negotiations, and public relations. Furthermore, Tanzanian embassies and high commissions abroad will be tasked with proactively identifying and pursuing opportunities that fit with the nation's development priorities, acting as frontline agents for attracting investment, trade, and other areas of cooperation. Collaboration with other government ministries, such as the Ministry of Finance and Planning and the Ministry of Investment, Industry and Trade, will be needed to maintain a coordinated approach to foreign policy implementation.

The expected reactions from Tanzanian citizens, businesses, and academics to the new foreign policy are generally positive. Citizens are expected to welcome the policy’s priority on economic development and job creation with real improvements in their daily lives. Businesses, including those involved in international trade and investment, are expected to gain from the policy’s aim to create a friendlier business environment and wider access to markets. Academics and researchers will probably examine the policy carefully, offering observations and suggestions for future improvement. While the policy was developed through broad consultation, many may still welcome continued openness and opportunities for public engagement in the future, so that it remains closely connected with the needs and hopes of Tanzanians.

4. Balancing Global Powers.

The launch of the 2024 Edition of Tanzania’s Foreign Policy comes at a moment when global power is not only shifting but fragmenting. With the United States defending its waning dominance, China expanding its influence through the Belt and Road Initiative, the Forum on China–Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), and BRICS, Russia extending its presence in Africa through security cooperation and energy partnerships, and the European Union adjusting Africa relations under the Green Deal and Global Gateway, Tanzania is compelled to recalibrate. Its approach is neither alignment nor withdrawal but instead it is pragmatic diplomacy. By refusing to be a pawn in great power rivalries, Tanzania creates space for global cooperation from all sides while protecting its sovereignty, maintaining its non-aligned principles, and pursuing its long-term development strategies.

True to its tradition, Tanzania continues to see itself as a peace broker and a voice for stability in troubled regions. The new policy reiterates commitments to UN and AU peacekeeping, while taking roles in mediation and conflict resolution in areas where global rivalries increasingly unfold through proxy conflicts. Meanwhile, Tanzania stands with the Global South, carrying forward the spirit of Bandung and the Non-Aligned Movement for a new era. This solidarity is about looking ahead and practical action, helping to push for fairer global governance and a more balanced international order where Africa has greater influence.

Yet the new foreign policy shows that Tanzania’s role in global forums will rest on pragmatism and results. The policy commits to result-based economic diplomacy and active participation in the UN, WTO, and Commonwealth and other alliances while backing institutional reforms that would make these bodies more inclusive and rule-based. Multilateralism is not treated as symbolic presence but as a platform for securing concrete gains whether in climate finance, technology transfer, digital trade, or sustainable development. By working through coalitions such as the G77 plus China and advocating South-South cooperation, Tanzania shows that it can use multilateralism tactically to serve national interests while also calling for a fairer global order.

Perhaps most transformative is the policy’s turn to the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). Beyond tariff reduction, AfCFTA opens access to a market of 1.4 billion people and creates room for new industries to grow. Partnerships with emerging economies in Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East create openings in development sectors, while also connecting Tanzania to cross-border supply chains, regional transport corridors, and new sources of capital. Instead of looking only inward at domestic effects, this outward reach makes clear how foreign policy links Tanzania to continental and global networks that can extend its influence well beyond its borders.

5. Conclusion.

The 2024 Edition of Tanzania’s Foreign Policy comes forward as both a recalibration and a distinct expression of direction. It acknowledges that the global environment has moved far beyond the realities of 2001, demanding new strategies, sharper tools, and deeper foresight. By integrating lessons from the past two decades with contemporary imperatives, the policy projects Tanzania’s determination to create a more durable, responsive, and influential diplomatic posture. It is a definite message that the nation will not remain on the margins of history but will actively take part in regional and global change.

Moreover, the policy establishes that foreign policy is inseparable from domestic aspirations. The push for industrial growth, technological advancement, sustainable livelihoods, and national security cannot be carried out in isolation from the external sphere. This updated structure makes certain that Tanzania’s international engagements are tied directly to its developmental agenda, turning diplomacy into a channel that speeds transformation at home. It is this connection between the domestic and international fronts that gives the policy its distinctive relevance.

On the continental and global stages, the policy sets Tanzania to act as both a partner and an initiator of dialogue. By blending principles of solidarity with pragmatic partnerships, it allows the nation to take a role in regional stability while opening doors to wider economic, technological, and cultural exchanges. This dual approach, drawn from tradition yet open to fresh ideas, gives Tanzania the credibility to advocate for Africa’s common interests while pushing its own priorities in a world that is becoming more competitive. The 2024 Edition, therefore, is not only a protective for sovereignty but also a proactive tool for opportunity.

In preparing for what lies ahead, the policy adopts adaptability as its main direction. Tanzania’s leaders have made it known that to remain effective in a world of changing power and ideas, the foreign policy will not be static. It will be periodically reviewed and updated as global dynamics change, making sure that the nation’s diplomacy remains alert, flexible, and prepared for what lies ahead. This commitment turns the 2024 Edition from a fixed document into a practical approach that can serve Tanzania through the uncertainties of tomorrow while steadily moving its long-term vision of prosperity, peace, and global prominence.

Thank you.

Written by Christopher Makwaia
Tel: +255 789 242 396

— The writer, is a University of West London graduate (formerly Thames Valley University) and an expert in Management, Leadership, International Business, Foreign Affairs, Global Marketing, Diplomacy, International Relations, Conflict Resolution, Negotiations, Security, Arms Control, Political Scientist, and a self-taught Computer Programmer and Web Developer.

ELIMU HABARI JAMII MAKALA SIASA ZANZIBAR

BEYOND THE HEADLINES: ANALYZING THE CCM 2025-2030 ELECTION MANIFESTO.

MICHUZI BLOG at Thursday, June 26, 2025 0

A manifesto is a clear statement of purpose. It lays out what matters, what will be done, and how. Released ahead of a General Election, it sets out a party’s vision, policies, and the actions it intends to take if given the mandate to govern. It turns ideas into action by offering practical steps to improve daily life, from work, health, and the economy to education, opportunity, and more. It speaks to the hopes of the people, holds leadership to its word, and acts as a compass for progress.

1. Introduction.

Election years aren’t just political rituals. They are national checkpoints. They offer a rare chance to pause, ask hard questions and demand better answers. It was in this context that Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) introduced its manifesto on May 30, 2025, not to make noise but to outline what it believes the next five years can actually deliver. Framed under the words “Kazi na Utu, Tunasonga Mbele,” the new manifesto is not pitched as a reset but as a serious engagement with real-world issues, with people’s expectations and with a future that won’t wait. It arrives at a time when Tanzanians want fewer slogans and more outcomes, and CCM is responding by putting focus, clarity and momentum on the table.

What makes this manifesto distinct is its foundation in values that do not change with trends. CCM’s vision, stated clearly, is “to see a Tanzania where prosperity reaches all, where the dignity, rights, and equality of every citizen are protected, and where the nation stands strong and self-reliant.” This has been the compass since the party’s founding and has continued through 48 years of leadership, with each manifesto adding something that reflects the country’s changing needs. The 2025 version, however, looks further ahead than any before it. It leans on that vision with urgency and follows it with clear intention. It moves away from just governing and instead opens the door to new ways of thinking. From managing systems to improving lives. It speaks to Tanzanians not as recipients of policy, but as people who are ready to take part in deciding what comes next.

Within its pages are clear and tangible priorities. These include transforming the economy through domestic value chains, making science and digital technology part of how the country grows, improving infrastructure in all regions, and giving even more attention to public services, especially health, education, and clean water. It promises more access to decent housing, better transport systems, and fair financial access for women, youth, and the informal sector. It also lays out national goals with more reach, such as helping more young people find work, raising living standards, reducing poverty, protecting democracy, keeping the country safe, and supporting arts, culture, and sports. But beyond these efforts, the manifesto speaks clearly about a future that should be fair, connected, and include everyone. It reminds Tanzanians that this is a moment to move toward a country where no one’s ability is left behind, and where everyone has room to grow.

To development partners, the message is equally clear and direct. Tanzania is not just ready but it is serious. With stable governance, an ambitious industrial strategy, a digital roadmap, and regional trade links, the manifesto positions Tanzania as a place where investment doesn’t just make profit but rather makes impact. For citizens, the promise feels personal and real. It is about dignity at work, safety at home, and fairness in opportunity. It is about schools where learning is practical, hospitals that heal more than bodies, cities that do not exclude, and villages that do not wait. CCM has stated its case clearly and in this manifesto, Tanzanians are offered more than just policy. They are welcomed into a future that is theirs to claim, to build, and to believe in.

2. The Making of CCM.

In order to understand where the manifesto is headed, it is better to remember where the party has come from. The story of CCM is closely tied to the country’s own path, from liberation to unity, from resistance to leadership. It began not as a party but as a quiet movement rising from the African soil, where voices long subdued began to gather and rise.

In 1948, out of the fracture of the African Association (AA) between Tanganyika and Zanzibar, the Tanganyika African Association (TAA) was born. Though it started with a focus on non-political advocacy, it became a vessel for African identity, pride, and quiet resistance. When Julius Kambarage Nyerere stepped into leadership in 1953, it became clear that the time for silence had passed. A new constitution was drafted. The caution that once defined the movement gave way to clear political direction. And on July 7, 1954, the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) emerged, inheriting not only TAA’s structure but its mission, now carried forward with greater political purpose.

Meanwhile in Zanzibar, the Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP) was taking form from the roots of the African Association (1933) and the Shirazi Association (1938), fusing on February 5, 1957, during the Joint Conference under the leadership of Sheikh Abeid Amani Karume and Sheikh Thabit Kombo. What began as local voices against labor exploitation had grown into a full political front. By the time Tanganyika and Zanzibar united on April 26, 1964, to form the United Republic of Tanzania, their revolutionary machinery had already proven itself. Yet the political structure remained divided. TANU governed the mainland while ASP governed the Isles. Although the nation was unified in both spirit and state, its politics spoke in two voices that were distinct but moving in the same direction.

Recognizing the need for stronger unity, leaders of both parties convened at a Joint National Conference on January 21, 1977, chaired by Mwalimu Julius Nyerere and Aboud Jumbe. The delegates, who were carefully chosen to represent both TANU and ASP, voted unanimously to dissolve both parties. From that resolution, a new movement was born. On February 5, 1977, Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) was officially inaugurated. It was more than a political fusion and became a historic joining. A new chapter in the country’s life, where political unity would reflect national unity, and where leadership would no longer be split across regions but consolidated with a singular identity. The ceremony was not loud, but it was unforgettable. It carried the burden of generations who had fought for freedom, dignity, and self-determination.

3. The Promise of Progress.

In its 2025 to 2030 Manifesto, Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) lays out an ambitious but deliberate vision to build a strong, modern, and inclusive economy for all Tanzanians. It includes stimulating economic and social activity throughout the country. Behind this vision is a clear and consistent promise to grow the country’s real GDP by no less than 7 percent per year, every single year. But growth for growth’s sake isn’t enough. The plan speaks to the people’s daily realities and makes sure that this economic expansion actually reaches the pockets of ordinary citizens.

Inflation will be kept in the single digits so household purchasing power stays protected. Every loan the government takes will be tied to a development project and not to routine expenditure. To help keep the economy healthy over time, Tanzania’s gold reserves will be raised to at least six tonnes. The country will ramp up exports, especially those of value-added products, while limiting the use of foreign currency on routine spending domestically and reducing imports that could easily be produced at home.

To fund these priorities and reduce reliance on foreign support, the plan sets a clear goal, which is to increase tax collection to 15.6 percent of GDP. At the same time, the manifesto explains how to improve the business and investment environment, especially for small and medium sized entrepreneurs. Loan interest rates will be lowered in banks and empowerment funds, making it easier for individuals with low and middle incomes, including young people, women, and those with disabilities, to get both short and long term loans at affordable rates. In this system, technology will not be seen as a luxury. Instead, it will be widely used to support education, farming, business, and community projects. Digital platforms will bring new efficiencies and connect more people to opportunities, from villages to every part of the country.

While the public sector sets the tone, it is the private sector that CCM sees as the engine of growth. Entrepreneurs, traders and industrialists who run businesses in Tanzania will be given a runway to fly. A national policy for private sector growth is underway, aiming to remove long-standing barriers and create more room for investment, innovation and job creation. It will not just be the big players who benefit. Special attention will go to Tanzanians running small and medium enterprises through a new fund designed to make it easier for them to access capital. That support will reach not only traders in cities but also smallholder producers and startup businesses looking for their first breakthrough.

3.1. Growth That Works.

With an eye on transforming Tanzania’s economic backbone, the CCM Election Manifesto lays out a clear plan for the agriculture and livestock sectors. Agriculture is expected to grow its GDP share from 4.6 to 10 percent by increasing irrigation from 983,466 hectares to 5 million, distributing 10,000 tractors, continuing subsidies on farming inputs, putting better food storage systems in place, and developing strategic commercial farms.

The manifesto also introduces a guarantee fund to make financing more accessible, while cooperative societies will be improved in structure, leadership, and resources to support farmers more effectively. On the livestock side, the manifesto targets a GDP contribution of 5 percent, expansion of grazing land from 3.4 to 6 million hectares, and growth of exports of livestock products from 14,000 to 50,000 tons. Public ranches will be revived with private sector involvement and veterinary and extension services will reach more communities.

In the industrial sector, the Manifesto presents a plan aiming for 9 percent annual growth. This will happen by enforcing laws to ban export of unprocessed natural resources so that more refining and manufacturing is done within the country. Industrial parks, Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and free trade zones will be developed. The mining sector, expected to grow by 7 percent annually, will benefit from more geological surveys, local ownership, and processing of minerals locally. The government will formalize small-scale miners and reduce mineral smuggling by 75 percent to make Tanzania a regional mineral trade point. Energy goals include reaching 8,000 MW, 300 kWh and lighting up 31,532 villages with the plan also aiming to provide reliable electricity access throughout the country.

Land development takes a leading role in the CCM Election Manifesto, with plans to complete urban master plans, fast-track land title provision, and reduce land disputes that have slowed progress. Affordable housing will be introduced for low-income groups in both rural and urban areas. Contribution to GDP from tourism is expected rise from 17% in 2025 to 20% by 2030 by attracting 8 million tourists each year and doubling tourism jobs from 1.5 million to 3 million. The blue economy has been included through investments in fisheries, ports, marine transport, and coastal tourism, while fish exports and aquaculture are set to increase Tanzania’s role in regional and global seafood markets. At the same time, efforts to protect the environment will be made to help the country handle climate change better and preserve nature for future generations.

3.2. Work, Wealth, and Dignity.

Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) makes clear in its 2025 to 2030 plan that job creation, income growth, and poverty reduction are not just ambitions but measurable commitments. The party sets a national goal to create no fewer than 8 million productive jobs by 2030, with at least 50 percent coming from the formal sector. These jobs will be generated within various industries, both public and private, to reduce unemployment and bring more citizens into secure, long-term economic activity. CCM also provides targeted support for youth, women, people with disabilities, and the elderly, showing that inclusive growth requires deliberate effort for groups historically underserved.

To make sure that Tanzanians can fully participate in these new opportunities, CCM is giving serious time to technical and vocational training. The goal is to equip individuals with the practical skills needed for emerging markets and industries. In addition to skills development, the party promises to assist start-ups, especially those founded by Tanzanians, through special funding programs, access to start-up capital, capacity building, and market linkages. Innovative young entrepreneurs and micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) will be helped to become formal, job-creating businesses.

Also, the manifesto points to the importance of working closely with the private sector and other partners to accelerate job access, and will establish structured windows for business financing, including dedicated funds for local businesses. Altogether, this is not a job plan in isolation but rather a full economic empowerment model designed to increase income security, entrepreneurship, and make sure no Tanzanian is left behind.

3.3. People First.

People come first in the CCM 2025 to 2030 Manifesto, with a vision built on access to quality social services that respect dignity and fairness. In healthcare, CCM will work to make universal health insurance available to more Tanzanians. The plan also includes investing in health infrastructure, increasing medical equipment and supplies, and making sure health facilities have enough skilled staff. The manifesto further aims to make it easier for the private sector to set up local factories that produce medical and health-related products. With digital technology becoming more common in the country, the manifesto also seeks to bring mobile and digital health services closer to people, especially those in remote areas, so they can get medical advice and care without traveling far.

Education, water, social welfare, and care for vulnerable groups appear clearly as important areas for inclusive development. Free, quality basic and secondary education will continue, with more classrooms and teacher housing to handle more students and help retain teachers in rural areas. Subjects such as science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) will be given greater concentration to equip students with practical, future-ready skills for today’s workforce, together with digital literacy.

To increase clean water access in both cities and countryside, CCM plans to create strategic and medium-sized dams and use rainwater harvesting to support existing sources. Social protection will step up its fight against gender-based violence, offer better early childhood programs, and improve services for the elderly and persons with disabilities. Pension systems will be changed, adding new plans for informal workers in agriculture and fisheries. A society cannot move forward without caring for its most vulnerable, so the Tanzania Social Action Fund (TASAF) will reach more poor households.

3.4. Routes to Growth.

Chama Cha Mapinduzi puts a big priority on upgrading Tanzania’s transport and infrastructure network to open up trade, support mobility and keep the country moving forward in the long run. Pushing this forward is the completion of trunk roads that will connect all regions and neighboring countries, helping regional trade and internal connectivity. Roads in both urban and rural areas will be rehabilitated and surfaced with tarmac to make sure of reliable and safe movement of people and goods.

At the same time, efforts to make Tanzania’s railway system better will continue. The government will finalize Standard Gauge Railway sections including Mwanza to Isaka, Makutupora to Tabora, Tabora to Isaka, Tabora to Kigoma, and Uvinza to Musongati. It will also begin new lines such as Mtwara to Mbamba Bay and Tanga to Arusha to Musoma, along with other SGR projects within the country.

Urban mobility in major cities like Dar es Salaam and Dodoma will get a fresh lift through the introduction of modern metro rail systems aimed at reducing congestion and supporting clean travel, while the Bus Rapid Transit system will be made more accessible and better run in collaboration with the private sector. Flyovers will be constructed at busy junctions to help ease traffic. In maritime transport, CCM plans to raise Tanzania’s role as a trade gateway by constructing the Bagamoyo Port and making the ports of Dar es Salaam, Tanga, and Mtwara larger and more modern.

Air travel is set to increase through a bigger Air Tanzania fleet and further development at Mwanza Airport, Msalato International Airport, and airports in Tanga, Lake Manyara, Lindi, and Iringa, along with new airports planned for Omukajunguti, Mugumu, Mikumi, and Singi. In technology, CCM considers science and innovation important, with plans to support local talent and turn ideas into economic value through wider access to digital infrastructure and tools in sectors like agriculture, health, education, and business.

3.5. Tanzania on the Move.

CCM’s agenda for 2025 to 2030 sets out its commitment to fairer democracy and good governance by respecting rule of law, involving citizens, and making public service more accountable. Specific directives include completing the constitutional review process, continuing the fight against corruption and abuse of office by giving more capacity to institutions like the Ethics Secretariat, PCCB, and the Commission for Human Rights and Good Governance, and introducing new legislation to establish professional boards and a National Council of Professions, which will advise the government on professional and technical matters.

The manifesto defends civil liberties by protecting the independence of civil society and the media. It also aims to raise public servants' professionalism through a national human resource audit, better pay, fair working conditions, ethical standards, and protection of trade unions. Moreover, local governments will be given more room to take part in grassroots development and democratic participation.

Continuing its long-standing values, CCM is pledging to safeguard the Union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar as a foundation of national unity, while taking practical steps to maintain peace, stability, and internal security. This involves actions to combat cybercrime, trafficking, and other threats, modernize defense forces, and engage citizens in national security by raising awareness, inviting participation, and instilling a sense of patriotism. It also works with regional and international partners in matters of security, renews youth training programs to inspire national pride and practical skills.

On the global stage, CCM is working toward better economic ties, consistent follow-up on international agreements, involving the diaspora in development, and increasing the use of Kiswahili in diplomatic spaces. Tanzania will continue to hold a non-aligned position, establish new embassies, open up more chances for young people to study abroad, and contribute to peacekeeping missions in conflict-affected regions.

4. Zanzibar Rising.

CCM’s strategy for Zanzibar is built on a clear priority to secure peace and development. Through its Zanzibar-specific commitments, CCM says it will continue supporting the Revolution’s gains by rolling out programs based on inclusive economic growth. Main targets include generating 350,000 new jobs in both formal and informal sectors by 2030 and raising the GDP growth rate from 7% to 10% annually, keeping inflation below 5% and increasing per capita income from USD 1,241 in 2023 to USD 1,880 by 2030. People will gain better access to credit, with special attention on youth and women, while small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) will benefit from better training, digitized markets, and tax-friendly environments.

To help modernize business, CCM aims to reduce the trade gap from a negative trade balance of 22% of GDP in 2024 to a smaller negative balance of 11.9% by 2030, while increasing trade volume from TZS 1.825 trillion to TZS 2.708 trillion. New projects include an International Trade Centre to be built at Dimani, upcoming modern testing labs in Pemba and Unguja, and fully digitized business registration systems under the Zanzibar Business and Property Registration Agency.

Plans are underway to construct a large-scale port at Mangapwani, featuring cargo handling areas, container storage, ship docking space, oil and gas storage zones, and facilities for port offices and administration. Passenger ports will be developed at Mpigaduri and Kizimkazi in Unguja, as well as at Shumba and Wete in Pemba, while Malindi is set to be transformed into a cruise ship terminal. A world-class tri-modal port that connects ferry services, sea planes, and public transport is also in the works.

According to the CCM 2025–2030 manifesto, the goal is to register 200 local vessels, up from the current 81, and to increase the number of international ships from 973 to 2,500. It also aims to raise the sailor workforce from 4,466 to 6,000. Furthermore, the Zanzibar Maritime Authority is expected to boost its contribution to government revenue from TZS 2.225 billion to TZS 5 billion. In manufacturing, the goal is to raise industry’s GDP share from 20.8% to 25%, meet 60% of local demand with locally made goods, and set up Export Processing Zones (EPZs) in Chamanangwe and Dunga with full infrastructure. Industrial parks will cater to small producers, and packaging standards will be raised with modern labs.

4.1. People and Progress.

CCM is setting out to make everyday life better by putting real attention on education, healthcare, and care for those who need it most. By 2030, it wants every child to be in early childhood and primary school. Right now, enrolment stands at 67.9 percent for early years and 86.7 percent for primary, so the push is to reach full participation by building 1,000 new classrooms. Secondary enrolment is also expected to rise from 63.7 percent to 90 percent. Over 7,000 new teachers will be hired, and in-service training will help them stay current.

In health, Mnazi Mmoja Hospital will undergo renovation, four new regional hospitals will be built, and a referral and teaching hospital will open in Binguni. The plan also includes better epidemic response, well-equipped labs, and easier access to basic care and medicines. In social protection, the goal is to reach 60 percent of households, up from 41.7 percent, with monthly TZS 70,000 pensions for everyone over 70 and more support for women, children, elders, and people with disabilities.

Zanzibar’s future takes flight in CCM’s ambitious manifesto, presenting a clear plan to better the Isles’ transport network by making both air and road links more effective to support the economy and attract investment. Passenger numbers are expected to rise from 2.14 million to 2.82 million through developments at Abeid Amani Karume International Airport, including new terminals, a control tower, an aircraft maintenance hangar, more fuel stations, logistics facilities, and extra parking space.

There are also plans for runway upgrades and airport projects in Pemba and Nungwi, plus a new airstrip at Paje. On the ground, CCM intends to handle over 1,500 kilometers of roads, covering city flyovers, feeder roads, rural access, bridges, traffic lights, street lighting, and better public transport. The efforts are part of CCM’s overall development plans for Zanzibar, aiming to create jobs, increase productivity, and raise the quality of life for its people.

5. Conclusion.

Politics is not a game, it is an earnest business, Winston Churchill once said, and in that business, a manifesto is more than a promise. The CCM 2025 to 2030 Election Manifesto is not just ink on paper. It is not written just for the campaign season. It is the continuation of a much longer story that began in the trenches of a liberation movement and still holds the depth of that legacy. This is a document that asks to be read with both memory and foresight. When viewed beyond the headlines, it doesn’t shout or decorate its message with inflated claims. It moves steadily, building a rhythm around figures, directions, and a long-held political identity. It reminds readers that real politics is not theater. It is process, it is work, and it is responsibility, even in the face of shifting times and changing expectations. CCM, through this manifesto, shows it has not forgotten that.

Within the CCM 2025 to 2030 Election Manifesto lies more than just plans. It carries intentions, timelines, and measurable directions for nearly every sector of public life. From industry and education to technology, natural resources, youth empowerment, and public service, it sketches out a vision that seeks balance between ambition and ability. What stands out is not just the content but the careful calibration. Every point connects with Tanzanians, whether on the farms, in the cities, by the coast, or near the lakes, from boardrooms to classrooms. It doesn’t aim to impress but to deliver real outcomes such as water that flows, clinics that heal, farms that yield, schools that teach, and jobs that wait for people entering the workforce. It doesn't avoid the burden of that responsibility. It responds with preparation, not performance. Tanzania will be a place where the economy is not just growing, but growing with its people.

That’s why the 2025 general election will be less about noise and more about real solutions. It won’t be about who commands the stage but about who has walked the streets, sat in the rooms, and stayed long enough to understand what everyday life really looks like. Behind the social media buzz, the slogans, and the podium speeches, Tanzanians are left with a single question that asks who knows them well enough to plan for them, not just promise them. The CCM 2025 to 2030 Manifesto offers a response that sticks to the point. It lays down specifics. It sets goals tied to timeframes. It carries the posture of someone not seeking applause, but accountability. At a time when noise often overshadows real work, CCM’s document feels serious, built to bring real development to Tanzania and Tanzanians. And that may be what matters most.

And so this article ends not with a verdict, but with an observation. “BEYOND THE HEADLINES” was not written to repeat the obvious, but to bring light to what hides in plain sight. This manifesto, when read beyond its summaries and scanned pages, feels less like a pitch and more like an open file that is a record of intent and a test of readiness. Whether you agree or disagree with CCM’s stance, what cannot be ignored is that the party has put its track record, policy vision, and strategic direction plainly in front of the voters. There is something to be said for that kind of transparency. In the end, the story won’t be told by who shouts loudest but rather by who prepared most quietly and who meant every word even when no one was clapping.

In the end, it’s not about who shouts change, but who quietly prepares for it.

Thank you.

Written by Christopher Makwaia
Tel: +255 789 242 396

— The writer, is a University of West London graduate (formerly Thames Valley University) and an expert in Management, Leadership, International Business, Foreign Affairs, Global Marketing, Diplomacy, International Relations, Conflict Resolution, Negotiations, Security, Arms Control, Political Scientist, and a self-taught Computer Programmer and Web Developer.

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