CRAFTING TANZANIA’S FUTURE: A ROADMAP FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT VISION 2050.

 

A national vision can set the direction for development and progress by defining clear, long-term goals. It brings people together under a common purpose, inspiring collective effort. By providing a framework for action, it helps align individual and group ambitions with the broader objectives of the nation. A well-defined vision encourages collaboration, drives innovation, and builds adaptability, enabling a country to effectively tackle challenges and achieve sustainable growth that benefits all its citizens.

1. Introduction.

A vision without action is just a dream, action without vision just passes the time, and vision with action can change the world. Joel Arthur Barker’s words hold particular relevance as Tanzania nears the end of its National Development Vision 2025, which is set to finish in June 2026. Building on this foundation, the government has recently begun the initial stage of drafting the National Development Vision 2050. On December 9, 2023, President Samia Suluhu Hassan launched a public consultation process to gather input for shaping this new vision. This emerging framework is not simply a continuation of past objectives but a forward-looking plan designed to position the nation at the forefront of progress. Vision 2050 aims to address shifting technological trends, demographic changes, and global uncertainties with a fresh perspective and to establish Tanzania as a prominent player in the international arena.

At this early stage, Vision 2050 is being crafted with a focus on inclusivity and sustainability. The developing vision aims to address disparities in education, healthcare, and economic opportunities across the nation. It also seeks to incorporate principles of environmental conservation and climate resilience as fundamental elements of its framework. Such priorities will guide the creation of a future where progress is balanced and equitable, making certain that both people and the environment benefit.

The National Development Vision 2050 is a proactive response to the evolving challenges and opportunities that the nation will face. While Vision 2025 laid the groundwork for economic and social improvements, the upcoming vision seeks to address new issues with innovative strategies. The draft under consideration envisions prioritizing advancements in science and technology, promoting sustainable industrial growth, and developing a knowledge-based economy. Additionally, it aims to strengthen Tanzania’s role in regional and global trade, improve resilience to external shocks, and preserve cultural heritage while integrating modernization.

The creation of the National Development Vision 2050 is a collaborative effort, involving input from various sectors of society. The government, private sector, academic institutions, civil society, and the general public are all contributing to shaping a vision that is both ambitious and practical. The inclusive approach guarantees that the vision reflects the diverse aspirations of Tanzanians while being grounded in achievable goals. As the country progresses with this development, Vision 2050 will act as a strategic roadmap, guiding Tanzania towards a future shaped by progress and sustainability.

2. From Independence to Vision 2025.

Tanzania's journey towards socio-economic development has been shaped by two important national visions, which laid the groundwork for the eventual need for Vision 2025. The first vision focused on achieving independence, a goal that strongly connected with many as a fundamental human right. However, the attainment of independence revealed a gap in understanding the responsibilities that followed. The phrase "Uhuru na Kazi" (Freedom and Work) emerged to communicate that independence required hard work to fulfill the development goals that had driven the struggle for freedom. That vision set the stage for the country's initial steps toward self-determined progress.

In 1967, another influential vision emerged through the Arusha Declaration, introducing a philosophy of socio-economic liberation based on socialism and self-reliance. Widely accepted by Tanzanians, the Declaration united the nation in pursuit of its ideals. It guided the country's development policies and strategies for social and economic transformation, promoting state control over primary sectors of the economy and a growing public sector as the primary engine of growth. Yet, this second vision, despite its strengths, did not fully address the complexities and dynamic nature of the policies and measures required for effective development.

Though it had strategic shortcomings, the Arusha Declaration successfully instilled fundamental moral, spiritual, ethical, and civil values that have persisted over time. These values, including national unity, social cohesion, peace, and stability, continue to be integral to Tanzania's identity and are a source of national pride. As the country began to look beyond the Arusha Declaration, it became clear that a new vision was needed, one that could build on these core values while addressing the evolving challenges and opportunities.

However, advancing toward the goals set by these previous visions faced considerable obstacles. Although there was some progress in education and health, setbacks during the 1980s revealed the need for a revised approach. Issues such as dependency on donors, inadequate economic management, governance problems, and ineffective policy implementation exposed the necessity for a new strategy. Recognizing these challenges led to the creation of Vision 2025, which aimed to guide Tanzania towards a more inclusive, sustainable, and resilient future.

2.1. Understanding Vision 2025.

The Tanzania Development Vision 2025 was formally established in 1999, following initial discussions and planning that began as early as 1995, representing a major milestone in the country's quest for socio-economic transformation. This vision was conceived with the aim of guiding Tanzania towards a considerably more developed and prosperous society by the year 2025. At its foundation, Vision 2025 was designed to transition Tanzania from a low-income to a middle-income country, focusing on improving the quality of life and eradicating extreme poverty. The vision outlined a roadmap for economic advancement, stressing the need for a semi-industrialized economy supported by modern, productive agricultural practices and a thriving industrial and service sector.

To achieve these ambitious goals, Vision 2025 addressed various challenges and outlined strategic objectives. At the heart of this vision was the commitment to improving the quality of life for all Tanzanians through equitable wealth distribution and poverty reduction. The vision aimed to tackle and resolve racial and gender imbalances, making sure that economic opportunities and social relations were fair and inclusive. Comprehensive reforms in laws, politics, and cultural practices were identified as necessary steps to eliminate discrimination and promote equality, setting the stage for a more just and equitable society.

The vision also placed a strong focus on maintaining peace, stability, and unity as fundamental pillars for development. While Tanzania had long enjoyed these qualities, Vision 2025 recognized the need to continuously support and sustain them. The vision stressed the importance of preserving democracy, political tolerance, and social harmony as foundational components for achieving development objectives. It was understood that safeguarding these values was important not only for achieving the goals of Vision 2025 but also for promoting sustained progress and prosperity for the nation.

Good governance and a well-educated society were identified as critical factors for the success of Vision 2025. The vision stressed the need to build a culture of accountability and effective governance to combat corruption and improve public administration. Additionally, it aimed to develop a competitive and innovative population through high-quality education and a developmental mindset. By promoting entrepreneurship and raising educational standards, Tanzania sought to establish a resilient economy capable of thriving in a globalized world, while addressing environmental challenges and promoting sustainable development.

3. Achievements in Vision 2025.

Tanzania's Development Vision 2025 has guided the nation through a transformative period, focusing on comprehensive improvements across various sectors. The plan has laid the groundwork for a more adaptable and diversified economy, propelling the nation towards semi-industrialization. Sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, and services have experienced strong growth, contributing to an overall increase in economic output. Moreover, the Vision has promoted a strategic focus on industrial development, encouraging the production of manufactured goods for export.

The Vision's impact extends beyond economic growth, as it has also played a decisive role in advancing social development. The focus on expanding access to education, improving healthcare services, and addressing poverty has led to noticeable advancements in the well-being of Tanzanians. These improvements have not only elevated the nation's Human Development Index but also strengthened the social cohesion of the country. By prioritizing the welfare of its citizens, the Vision has assured that the benefits of development are more equitably distributed across the population.

3.1. High-Quality Livelihood.

The Tanzania Development Vision 2025 has greatly advanced the country's food security, achieving a food self-sufficiency ratio of 114 to 120 percent after 2000, up from below 110 percent in the 1990s. This progress has reduced the incidence of famine across districts and contributed to a decline in child malnutrition, with rates of chronic undernutrition and underweight among children under five decreasing from 48.3 percent and 25.3 percent in 1999 to 30 percent and 12 percent in 2022, respectively. Major drivers of these improvements include national programs that promote good agricultural practices, such as the expansion of rainfed and irrigated land, occasional use of subsidized fertilizers, and improved seeds, along with initiatives in food fortification and nutritional education targeting mothers.

Efforts under the Vision to raise the livelihoods of Tanzanians to be comparable to those in middle-income countries by 2025 have emphasized food security, universal primary education, gender equity, access to basic health services, and clean water. The goal of achieving universal primary education has made substantial progress, with a gross enrollment rate targeted to reach 100 percent by 2025. In 2022, over 1.5 million children were enrolled in pre-primary schools, with gender parity practically attained, as boys made up 51 percent and girls 49 percent of the enrolled students. Similarly, access to health services has improved, with the average distance to health facilities reduced and a focus on lowering maternal and child mortality rates.

The Vision’s focus on improving health infrastructure has been reflected in the expansion of the healthcare system. From 2000 to 2022, the number of hospitals increased by 94 percent, from 173 to 418, with considerable growth in the number of health centers and dispensaries as well. By June 2022, Tanzania had 1,016 health centers and 7,447 dispensaries, with a large portion of these facilities remaining publicly operated. The expansion has been crucial in reducing the distance to healthcare for many Tanzanians, contributing to the Vision's target of universal access to basic health services.

Another primary objective of the Vision was to increase life expectancy from about 52 years in 2000 to 68 years by 2025, alongside reducing the number of households living in extreme poverty. The comprehensive efforts in health, education, and infrastructure are expected to contribute to these goals, along with improving the Human Development Index (HDI) score from 0.421 in 1999 to 0.65 by 2025.

3.2. Peace, Stability, and Unity.

Tanzania has long been recognized as one of Africa's most politically stable countries, largely due to its commitment to peace, unity, the rule of law, and democratic principles. The peaceful transition of power across multiple presidential administrations, including the historic succession of President Samia Suluhu Hassan as the first female president in the country, serves as an example of this stability. The nation has also played an important role in regional peace efforts, particularly in the Great Lakes region, supporting its diplomatic influence and dedication to maintaining stability. Tanzania's multiparty system, established in 1992, has contributed to its political stability, with regular, peaceful elections confirming the country's commitment to democratic norms and the rule of law, advancing the Vision 2025 goals of promoting Peace, Stability, and Unity.

3.3. Good Governance.

The Tanzania Development Vision 2025's focus on good governance and the rule of law has led to valuable improvements in public accountability and the fight against corruption. The establishment of Integrity Committees in government bodies, the development of the Public Service Code of Conduct, and nationwide anti-corruption campaigns are important steps that have been implemented. Additionally, the advancement of public financial management through the Public Audit Act of 2008 and the oversight functions of the Controller and Auditor General (CAG) have further supported accountability in the public sector. The creation of the Public Procurement Regulatory Authority (PPRA) and the establishment of digital platforms for public services have also contributed to improving transparency and efficiency within government operations.

3.4. A Well-Educated and Learning Society.

Education has been a foundation of Tanzania’s Development Vision 2025, with the goal of achieving universal access to primary education and improving overall human development. The Vision targeted a gross enrollment rate of 100 percent by 2025, and meaningful progress has been made across all educational levels. In 2021, Tanzania had 18,553 primary schools accommodating 10.9 million pupils, with near gender parity as boys made up 51 percent and girls 49 percent of the students. The 5,280 secondary schools enrolled 2.3 million students, with a similarly balanced gender ratio. Additionally, the number of universities grew substantially from just two full-fledged institutions in 2000, the University of Dar es Salaam and Sokoine University of Agriculture, to 49 universities with a total of 240,523 students by 2021.

Moreover, the focus on gender equity in education has led to balanced enrollment rates between boys and girls, reflecting the Vision's commitment to inclusive development. Continuous learning opportunities have also been expanded with the introduction of new facilities and the rise of social media platforms that were virtually non-existent in 2000. These advancements support the broader aim of creating a well-educated and learning society, which is important for the nation's continued development and its aspiration to reach middle-income status.

3.5. Strong and Competitive Economy.

Tanzania's journey toward becoming a middle-income country by 2025 has been driven by efforts to transform its economy from a low-productivity agricultural base to a semi-industrialized one. The Vision aimed to build a dynamic economy with high productivity and competitiveness, fueled by modernized agriculture and an integrated industrial and service sector. Progress toward these goals has been seen in the country's economic growth and the establishment of a solid platform for a competitive, inclusive, and dynamic economy. The aspiration to increase per capita income remains a central focus of Tanzania's development strategy, aiming to move the nation toward middle-income status.

As Tanzania approaches the final stretch of Vision 2025, attention has turned to consolidating these gains and addressing persistent challenges. The Tanzanian government remains committed to promoting good governance, upholding the rule of law, and maintaining political stability, all of which are important for sustaining the momentum of progress. Looking ahead, the upcoming National Development Vision 2050 aims to build on these achievements by further advancing the nation’s industrial capacity, improving educational outcomes, and utilizing digital technologies to drive economic and social transformation.

4. Charting the Path to Vision 2050.

The Tanzania Development Vision 2025 laid the groundwork for transforming the country from a low-income agricultural economy into a middle-income nation driven by industrialization, modernization, and social equity. Over the years, Vision 2025 has guided Tanzania's socio-economic progress, greatly improving education, healthcare, infrastructure, and governance. However, as the nation nears the end of this vision, the need for a new, forward-looking strategy has become clear. The world has changed dramatically since Vision 2025 was conceived, and Tanzania must adapt to these changes to continue its development path. A new vision is necessary to address emerging challenges, seize new opportunities, and keep the country competitive in the global arena.

Evaluating the successes and shortcomings of Vision 2025 points to the necessity for a fresh perspective. While the vision raised Tanzania's socio-economic status and built national unity, several challenges remain, particularly in poverty reduction and improving public systems. Additionally, global trends such as climate change, digital transformation, and shifting geopolitical dynamics have introduced new complexities that the original vision did not fully anticipate. As Tanzania aims to achieve economic diversification and sustainability over the next three decades, setting a long-term vision that aligns with these global trends becomes increasingly important. Vision 2050 will guide the nation through the rapidly changing world, making sure that Tanzania not only meets its domestic goals but also positions itself as a prominent player in the global economy.

4.1. Crafting a United Vision for 2050.

The preparation of Tanzania's Vision 2050 is being coordinated by a dedicated team structured into three groups to guarantee a thorough and effective planning process. This structure includes a secretariat managed by the Planning Commission, a team of experts responsible for coordinating the collection of opinions, writing, and analysis, and a National Steering Committee overseeing the vision-writing process. The National Steering Committee is chaired by Prime Minister Kassim Majaliwa, with Zanzibar's Second Vice President Hemed Suleiman serving as co-chair, showing the collaborative effort between mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar in shaping the country’s future.

A group of 22 experts has been designated to coordinate the drafting of the Vision 2050 document. This team includes 8 women and 14 men, with 40% being academicians from various universities across Tanzania. The members represent a diverse range of sectors, including civil society, the private sector, and government institutions. Their main role is to coordinate, collect, and analyze public views to make sure the vision reflects the aspirations of Tanzanians from all walks of life.

Among the 22 experts are distinguished individuals such as Prof. Lucian Ambrose, an Emeritus Professor at the University of Dar es Salaam who leads the team, and Prof. Joseph Semboja, former executive director of REPOA and Uongozi Institute. Other prominent members include Dr. Asha Rose Migiro, a diplomat and former Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations, Dr. Florence Turuka, a senior lecturer at Sokoine University and former permanent secretary of the Ministry of Agriculture, Dr. Amina Msengwa, a senior lecturer specializing in statistics from the University of Dar es Salaam, Aidan Eyakuze, Executive Director of Twaweza East Africa, Dr. Yahya Sheikh, a senior lecturer at the State University of Zanzibar (SUZA) specializing in information technologies, Dr. Maryam Vuai, an economist at the Zanzibar Research for Socio-Economic and Policy Analysis (ZRCP), Abdul Mhinte, an official from the President’s Office, Emmy Hudson, Principal State Attorney, and Dr. Ntuli Kapologwe, Director of Preventive Services at the Ministry of Health.

The team also includes Godfrey Kirenga, Chief Executive Officer of SAGCOT Centre Ltd, Eng. Ally Samaje, Assistant Commissioner at the Ministry of Minerals, Dr. Richard Kimwaga, a senior lecturer at the University of Dar es Salaam specializing in water resources engineering, Dr. Richard Shukia, a senior lecturer at the University of Dar es Salaam and an expert in early childhood education, Dr. Gladness Salema, a public health logistician and senior lecturer at the University of Dar es Salaam, Imani Nkuwi, Assistant Conservation Commissioner tasked with research and training at the Ministry of Tourism and Natural Resources, Amne Kagasheki, a lawyer and investment advisor with Shikana Group, Zahoro Muhaji, Chief Executive Officer at Tanzania Startup Association (TSA), Neema Mduma, a lecturer at the School of Computational and Communication Sciences and Engineering at the Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology, Dorice Mgetta, a member of the Board of Directors at Tanzania Trade Authority, and Lawrence Mafuru, who serves as the Executive Secretary of the Planning Commission. Their combined expertise contributes to a well-rounded and informed approach to drafting the Vision 2050.

4.2. Government and Stakeholder Collaboration.

The Tanzanian government is instrumental in developing the National Development Vision 2050, guiding its creation and aligning it with existing policies. This involves providing leadership, directing the vision's development, and establishing a supportive environment for its success. The government's role includes setting clear guidelines and promoting collaboration among stakeholders, making sure all policies align with the vision's principal goals. Through these efforts, the government aims to guide Tanzania toward an inclusive, sustainable future that aligns with the aspirations of all citizens.

Private sector involvement is equally necessary, driving innovation, investment, and economic growth required to achieve Vision 2050's goals. The private sector's role in developing new industries and expanding existing ones is needed for job creation, productivity, and strengthening the Tanzanian economy's competitiveness. By working closely with the government, the private sector plays an indispensable part in turning the vision into concrete economic benefits, contributing to the country's prosperity.

Civil society and citizen involvement are also necessary in planning and implementing Vision 2050. Engaging a broad spectrum of society is key to aligning the vision with the varied needs and aspirations of Tanzanians. Civil society organizations contribute valuable insights, advocate for marginalized groups, and promote transparency and accountability. Citizen participation encourages a sense of ownership and responsibility, increasing the likelihood of the vision’s success by being inclusive and representative of the people's interests.

To promote inclusivity, the Tanzanian government has actively involved citizens and stakeholders in the ongoing draft process of Vision 2050, gathering opinions from a wide cross-section of the population. By April 16, 2024, a total of 631,571 participants had shared their views through various platforms, including 623,914 via mobile phones, 7,067 through websites, and 590 through face-to-face household interviews conducted by Vision 2050 enumerators across the country. Among these participants, 70% are men, 30% are women, and 80% are youth aged between 15 and 35 years. Such extensive engagement reflects the government's dedication to making sure that the draft of Vision 2050 accurately represents the diverse voices and aspirations of the Tanzanian people.

5. Foundations of Vision 2050.

As the visioning process continues, the Government of Tanzania remains focused on coordinating the preparation of the National Development Vision 2050. The initiative prioritizes a participatory approach, involving citizens and stakeholders from the outset to confirm that the vision aligns with the nation's needs and ambitions.

Building on the achievements of Vision 2025, Vision 2050 will transition Tanzania from a semi-industrialized to a fully industrialized economy. The vision's core pillars will focus on economic diversification, infrastructure development, and innovation. Achieving these goals will require comprehensive planning and collaboration across all sectors, with a commitment to inclusive and equitable outcomes. Vision 2050 aims to create an economy capable of withstanding future challenges while providing opportunities for all Tanzanians.

Vision 2050 will also advance the progress made under Vision 2025 in areas such as people-centered development, peace, stability, and good governance. It will continue to build an educated society with a mindset focused on development and a competitive spirit driven by knowledge. These aspects are necessary for mobilizing domestic resources, meeting people's basic needs, and achieving competitiveness in the regional and global economy. Vision 2050 will aim to further these goals, supporting a smooth transition and continued growth for Tanzania.

5.1. Good Governance and Institutions.

Strengthening governance and institutions should be a priority in the National Development Vision 2050 to achieve Tanzania’s long-term development goals. Promoting good governance through increased transparency, accountability, and anti-corruption measures is fundamental for building public trust and making sure that government institutions operate effectively and efficiently. Upholding the rule of law and reinforcing legal and regulatory frameworks is important to support economic growth, social development, and improved quality of life. Promoting effective public administration is necessary for delivering services to citizens and implementing development policies that align with the aspirations of Tanzanians.

Institutional development under Vision 2050 should also focus on encouraging civic engagement and participation in governance. By involving citizens in decision-making processes and promoting a culture of accountability, the Government could create a more inclusive and responsive governance system. The proposed approach guarantees that the needs and aspirations of all Tanzanians are addressed in the development process, leading to more sustainable and equitable outcomes.

5.2. Economic Diversification and Growth.

Transitioning from a semi-industrialized to a fully industrialized economy should be a central focus of the National Development Vision 2050. Expanding sectors like manufacturing, technology, services, and the digital economy is necessary for sustainable economic growth. Encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship would create a dynamic and competitive economy, generating employment opportunities and driving economic prosperity. Additionally, investing in modern infrastructure, including transportation, energy, and digital networks, would support these economic activities and prepare the economy for future challenges.

The National Development Vision 2050 should also prioritize diversifying the economy to reduce dependence on traditional sectors and explore emerging industries. This could involve developing a knowledge-based economy, promoting value addition in important industries, and supporting the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Boosting trade and regional integration would also be strategic for fortifying the economy. By focusing on these areas, the vision would help create an adaptable economy capable of withstanding global economic fluctuations and promoting long-term stability and growth for Tanzania. Therefore, it is necessary for the vision to consider these elements as defining aspects in shaping Tanzania's economic future.

5.3. Global Integration and Trade.

Global integration and trade serve as drivers of economic growth and development under Vision 2050. Expanding regional and international trade relations should be prioritized to advance Tanzania’s competitiveness in the global market. The Government should concentrate on promoting export-oriented industries and attracting foreign direct investment, which are necessary for diversifying the economy and generating employment. By skillfully responding to global economic trends and trade agreements, Tanzania can establish a strong presence in the global economy and seize emerging opportunities.

Global integration under Vision 2050 should also involve building the capacity of Tanzanian businesses to compete internationally. This entails supporting innovation, improving product quality, and refining the business environment to attract investment. By encouraging a culture of entrepreneurship and innovation, Tanzania aims to create a dynamic economy capable of adapting to global changes and thriving in an increasingly interconnected world.

5.4. Education and Human Capital Development.

Improving the quality and accessibility of education at all levels must be a focus of the Vision 2050, as a well-educated population is fundamental to the nation’s long-term progress. A major strategy should involve advancing skills and vocational training to prepare Tanzanians with the competencies needed to succeed in an increasingly competitive global market. By promoting research and innovation within higher education institutions, the vision could drive technological advancements and instill a culture of lifelong learning, enabling the education system to adapt to the country's changing demands.

Human capital development should extend beyond education to provide all Tanzanians with the opportunity to reach their full potential. This would involve promoting inclusive education that caters to the diverse needs of the population, including marginalized groups. By prioritizing education and skills development, the National Development Vision 2050 should aim to create a knowledge-based economy where innovation drives growth and where every citizen can contribute meaningfully to the nation’s development.

5.5. Healthcare and Well-being.

Improving healthcare infrastructure and services should be a primary focus of the National Development Vision 2050, aiming to provide all Tanzanians with access to quality healthcare. Main objectives should include expanding healthcare facilities, refining service delivery, and addressing both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Additionally, efforts to boost disease prevention and promote public health education are necessary for reducing the burden of illness and advancing overall population health. Mental health and well-being should also be prioritized, acknowledging the importance of a comprehensive approach that includes physical, mental, and social well-being.

Under Vision 2050, healthcare and well-being should extend beyond immediate health concerns to building a healthcare system capable of meeting future challenges. Investing in healthcare professionals, modernizing infrastructure, and providing equitable access to services across the country are important components. By prioritizing preventive care and health education, the vision seeks to develop a healthier population that can contribute more effectively to national development and enjoy a higher quality of life.

5.6. Social Equity and Inclusivity.

Addressing social equity and inclusivity should be a focal point of the National Development Vision 2050. The Government should be committed to reducing inequalities in wealth and opportunities, making sure that all citizens have access to the resources and services they need to thrive. This commitment should include promoting gender equality and empowering marginalized groups, such as women, youth, and people with disabilities, to fully participate in the nation’s development. Supporting social safety nets and poverty reduction programs will be important for creating a more just and equitable society where everyone has the opportunity to succeed.

Inclusivity under Vision 2050 should also focus on making sure that development efforts benefit all regions and communities, particularly those that have been historically underserved. The Government should prioritize creating policies and programs that promote equitable access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities, regardless of geographic location or socioeconomic status. By focusing on social equity and inclusivity, Tanzania aims to build a more cohesive and adaptable society capable of achieving shared prosperity.

5.7. Infrastructure Development.

Infrastructure development must be a focus of the National Development Vision 2050, recognizing its role in supporting economic growth and improving the quality of life for all citizens. Expanding and modernizing transportation networks, including roads, railways, and ports, should be a priority to boost connectivity and facilitate the movement of goods and people. Additionally, investments in energy infrastructure are necessary to support industrial growth and provide a reliable power supply to meet the nation’s expanding needs. Urban and rural infrastructure development should also be addressed to improve living conditions and access to services across the country.

Digital infrastructure is another critical area of focus under Vision 2050. Harnessing the potential of technology to drive economic and social development requires investing in broadband networks and digital platforms. The Government should aim to boost connectivity, promote innovation, and facilitate access to information and services. This approach will not only support the growth of the digital economy but also enable citizens to participate more fully in the nation’s development.

5.8. Urbanization and Housing.

Managing urbanization and providing sustainable housing solutions is necessary for Vision 2050. With the ongoing growth of the urban population, the Government should focus on improving urban planning and infrastructure to accommodate this expansion. This includes equipping cities with necessary amenities and services to support a high quality of life. Developing smart cities with integrated technology solutions should be prioritized, aiming to create urban environments that are efficient, sustainable, and conducive to economic growth.

Housing under Vision 2050 should address both quantity and quality, with a focus on affordability. The Government should aim to provide affordable and sustainable housing solutions that meet the needs of all citizens, especially those in low-income groups. This involves promoting energy-efficient buildings, improving access to housing finance, and making sure that housing developments are well-integrated into the structure of urban areas. By tackling the challenges of urbanization and housing, Tanzania seeks to build thriving, livable cities that drive economic and social development.

5.9. Agricultural Modernization.

Focusing on agricultural modernization is important in Vision 2050, acknowledging the sector's role in food security, employment, and economic growth. The Government should work towards transitioning to high-productivity, sustainable agricultural practices that increase yields while reducing environmental impact. Supporting agribusinesses and developing value chains are necessary steps to improve the sector’s competitiveness and help farmers benefit from higher value-added products. By advancing agricultural research and adopting new technologies, Tanzania aims to create an innovative agricultural sector capable of meeting the nation’s food needs and contributing to economic diversification.

Food security should be a top priority under Vision 2050, with the aim of achieving self-sufficiency in important crops and reducing dependency on food imports. The Government should work on improving access to agricultural inputs, extension services, and markets to help farmers increase productivity. By creating a supportive environment for agribusiness and promoting modern farming techniques, Tanzania seeks to develop the agricultural sector, drive rural development, and advance national prosperity.

5.10. Sustainable Development and Environment.

Tanzania’s commitment to sustainable development and environmental stewardship should be a focus of the National Development Vision 2050. Recognizing the urgent need to address climate change and environmental degradation, the vision should advocate for the adoption of renewable energy sources and sustainable practices across various sectors. By supporting the transition to a green economy, Tanzania aims to protect its environment for future generations while also utilizing renewable energy sources to meet growing energy demands. This approach would not only reduce the nation’s carbon footprint but also promote the conservation of natural resources and biodiversity, which are important for the well-being of future generations. Prioritizing effective waste management and pollution control measures would be fundamental to creating a cleaner and healthier environment for all Tanzanians.

Sustainable development under the National Development Vision 2050 should also focus on balancing economic growth with environmental protection. Integrating environmental considerations into all development strategies is necessary to make sure that progress does not come at the expense of the environment. By promoting a culture of environmental responsibility and supporting the use of green technologies, Tanzania has the potential to become a leader in sustainable development in the region, showing that economic growth and environmental preservation can go hand in hand.

5.11. Cultural and Heritage Preservation.

Cultural and heritage preservation should be an important aspect of Vision 2050, acknowledging the role of culture in shaping the nation’s identity. The Government should focus on promoting and preserving Tanzanian culture and heritage. This includes supporting cultural industries such as music, arts, and crafts, which not only add to the nation’s cultural richness but also contribute to economic growth. Additionally, promoting tourism based on cultural and natural heritage can support sustainable development and increase international recognition.

Inclusivity in cultural preservation should be a guiding principle under Vision 2050, making sure that all cultural groups and traditions are respected and valued. The Government should focus on promoting cultural diversity and making certain that development projects respect and protect cultural heritage. By incorporating cultural values into development strategies and supporting the growth of cultural industries, Tanzania aims to preserve its rich heritage while building national unity and identity in a globalized world.

6. Conclusion.

As Tanzania nears the completion of the Tanzania Development Vision 2025, the nation finds itself at an important crossroads, contemplating its past achievements while preparing for the challenges and opportunities ahead. Vision 2025 has played a role in guiding the country's socio-economic transformation, bringing it closer to the goal of becoming a middle-income nation. The progress made in education, healthcare, infrastructure, and governance is commendable, yet it also points to the need for ongoing advancement. The world has evolved since the start of Vision 2025, and Tanzania must now respond to these changes with renewed energy and foresight.

The changing global environment presents both challenges and opportunities, demanding a renewed strategic approach. Climate change, technological progress, and shifting geopolitical dynamics are altering the global order, and Tanzania must prepare to address these challenges effectively. The necessity for a new long-term vision is clear, one that builds upon the foundation laid by Vision 2025 while responding to the emerging trends that will mold the next three decades. This new vision must be thorough, inclusive, and future-oriented, enabling Tanzania to remain strong and competitive on the global stage.

Tanzania's aspirations for the future go beyond economic growth, they include the broader goals of sustainable development, social equity, and national unity. The next phase of development must prioritize environmental stewardship, innovation, and the empowerment of all citizens. By focusing on these key areas, Tanzania can achieve a balanced and inclusive growth path that benefits every segment of society. The new vision must also recognize the importance of good governance, accountability, and the rule of law as foundational aspects of sustainable progress. By adhering to these principles, Tanzania can build a future that is prosperous, just, and equitable.

As the nation prepares to begin its journey toward Vision 2050, the lessons learned from Vision 2025 will be extremely valuable. Tanzania has shown that with the right strategy and commitment, transformative change is possible. The road ahead will undoubtedly present new challenges, but with a clear and ambitious vision, Tanzania can overcome them and continue its march toward becoming a fully industrialized, modern, and prosperous nation. This moment is an opportunity for every Tanzanian to influence the future. By contributing opinions, information, and feedback during this important phase of drafting and implementing development plans, the power to create a shared future truly lies in the hands of the people. Now is the time for Tanzania to unite around a vision that reflects the hopes and dreams of all its citizens and secures the nation's place in the global community.

Thank you.

Written by Christopher Makwaia
Tel: +255 789 242 396


— The writer, is a University of West London graduate (formerly Thames Valley University) and an expert in Management, Leadership, International Business, Foreign Affairs, Global Marketing, Diplomacy, International Relations, Conflict Resolution, Negotiations, Security, Arms Control, Political Scientist, and a self-taught Computer Programmer and Web Developer.